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Psychologist Brendan Maher named the effect after Martha Mitchell. [5] Mitchell was the wife of John Mitchell, United States Attorney General in the Nixon administration.When she alleged that White House officials were engaged in illegal activities, her claims were attributed to mental illness.
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The "all-or-nothing thinking distortion" is also referred to as "splitting", [20] "black-and-white thinking", [2] and "polarized thinking." [21] Someone with the all-or-nothing thinking distortion looks at life in black and white categories. [15] Either they are a success or a failure; either they are good or bad; there is no in-between.
Ironic process theory (IPT), also known as the Pink elephant paradox [1] or White bear phenomenon, suggests that when an individual intentionally tries to avoid thinking a certain thought or feeling a certain emotion, a paradoxical effect is produced: the attempted avoidance not only fails in its object but in fact causes the thought or emotion to occur more frequently and more intensely. [2]
Part of understanding fallacies involves going beyond logic to empirical psychology in order to explain why there is a tendency to commit or fall for the fallacy in question. [ 9 ] [ 1 ] In the case of the false dilemma , the tendency to simplify reality by ordering it through either-or-statements may play an important role.
Additionally, Religion scholars James R. Lewis and David G. Bromley argue that there are significant methodological problems in research including anti-cult or anti-religious bias, predominance of deprogrammed individuals in the sample, and the fact that some of the people in the sample were receiving therapy while in the clinical trial. [15]
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In sociology and psychology, mass hysteria is a phenomenon that transmits collective illusions of threats, whether real or imaginary, through a population and society as a result of rumors and fear. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] In medicine, the term is used to describe the spontaneous manifestation—or production of chemicals in the body—of the same or ...