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The parotoid gland (alternatively, paratoid gland) is an external skin gland on the back, neck, and shoulder of some frogs (especially toads), and salamanders. It can secrete a number of milky alkaloid substances (depending on the species) known collectively as bufotoxins , which act as neurotoxins to deter predation .
Poisoning from toad toxin is rare but can kill. [7] It can occur when someone drinks toad soup, eats toad meat or toad eggs, or swallows live toads. [ 7 ] [ 8 ] It can also happen when someone deliberately takes commercial substances made with toad toxins. [ 8 ]
The compound is an alkaloid found in some species of mushrooms, plants, and toads. It is also found naturally in the human body in small amounts. [7] [8] [9] Bufotenin, for instance derived from the trees Anadenanthera colubrina and Anadenanthera peregrina, appears to have a long history of entheogenic use in South America. [1] [5] [10] [11]
[5] [1] [4] [2] It is found in a wide variety of plant species, and is also secreted by the glands of at least one toad species, the Colorado River toad. [5] It may occur naturally in humans as well. [5] Like its close relatives dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and bufotenin (5-HO-DMT), it has been used as an entheogen in South America. [5] [6] Slang ...
The toad's primary defense system is glands that produce a poison that may be potent enough to kill a grown dog. [12] These parotoid glands also produce 5-methoxy-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) [13] and bufotenin (which is named after the Bufo genus of toads); both of these chemicals belong to the family of hallucinogenic tryptamines. Bufotenin ...
An example of poison ingestion derives from the poison dart frog. They get a deadly chemical called lipophilic alkaloid from consuming a poisonous food in the rainforest . They are immune to the poison and they secrete it through their skin as a defense mechanism against predators.
Bufo is a group of over 150 species of toads. Nearly all of these species contain a venom in their skin called bufotoxin which is a naturally a mild hallucinogen. They also contain the poison bufotenin which is another toxin used in HuaChanSu. Bufo toads can live under very adverse conditions resulting in its inhabitance in nearly every ...
In the eastern American toad these crests almost never touch the parotoid glands, which secrete bufotoxin, a poisonous substance meant to make the toad unpalatable to potential predators. Bufotoxin is a mild poison in comparison to that of other poisonous toads and frogs, but it can irritate human eyes and mucous membranes [ 17 ] and is ...