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The French Revolution (French: Révolution française [ʁevɔlysjɔ̃ fʁɑ̃sɛːz]) was a period of political and societal change in France which began with the Estates General of 1789 and ended with the Coup of 18 Brumaire on 9 November 1799.
Bosher, John F. French Finances, 1770–1795: From Business to Bureaucracy (1970) Harris, Seymour E. The Assignats (1930) Spang, Rebecca L., Stuff and Money in the Time of the French Revolution (London and Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2015). A Cursory View of the Assignats and Remaining Resources of French Finance ... by Francis d ...
Its reputation was already secure in the English-speaking world, however, since the English translation, The Coming of the French Revolution (1939) had established it as a clear, yet subtle, classic. It remains the definitive explanation of the Marxist interpretation of the causes of the Revolution.
The author of the original words "Ah! ça ira, ça ira, ça ira" was a former soldier by the name of Ladré who made a living as a street singer.The music is a popular contredanse air called "Le carillon national", and was composed by Jean-Antoine Bécourt [], a violinist (according to other sources: side drum player) of the théâtre Beaujolais.
Soon after the Revolution, the motto was often written as "Liberty, Equality, Fraternity, or Death." "Death" was later dropped for being too strongly associated with the excesses of the revolution. The French Tricolour has been seen as embodying all the principles of the Revolution— Liberté, égalité, fraternité. [3]
Soldiers of the French Revolution (1989) Forrest, Alan. Conscripts and Deserters: The Army and French Society during Revolution and the Empire (1989) excerpt and text search; Griffith, Paddy. The Art of War of Revolutionary France, 1789–1802 (1998) excerpt and text search; Hazen, Charles Downer – The French Revolution (2 vol 1932) 948 pages.
The French Revolution of 1848 (French: Révolution française de 1848), also known as the February Revolution (Révolution de février), was a period of civil unrest in France, in February 1848, that led to the collapse of the July Monarchy and the foundation of the French Second Republic. It sparked the wave of revolutions of 1848.
July 18: Camille Desmoulins begins publication of 'La France libre', demanding a much more radical revolution and calling for a republic arguing that revolutionary violence is justified. July 22: An armed mob on the Place de Grève massacres Berthier de Sauvigny , Intendant of Paris, and his father-in-law, accused of speculating in grain.