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Diagram of a Federated Learning protocol with smartphones training a global AI model. Federated learning (also known as collaborative learning) is a machine learning technique in a setting where multiple entities (often called clients) collaboratively train a model while keeping their data decentralized, [1] rather than centrally stored.
Deeplearning4j can be used via multiple API languages including Java, Scala, Python, Clojure and Kotlin. Its Scala API is called ScalNet. [31] Keras serves as its Python API. [32] And its Clojure wrapper is known as DL4CLJ. [33] The core languages performing the large-scale mathematical operations necessary for deep learning are C, C++ and CUDA C.
Python is a high-level, general-purpose programming language. Its design philosophy emphasizes code readability with the use of significant indentation. [33] Python is dynamically type-checked and garbage-collected. It supports multiple programming paradigms, including structured (particularly procedural), object-oriented and functional ...
While research in single-agent reinforcement learning is concerned with finding the algorithm that gets the biggest number of points for one agent, research in multi-agent reinforcement learning evaluates and quantifies social metrics, such as cooperation, [2] reciprocity, [3] equity, [4] social influence, [5] language [6] and discrimination.
Moreover, numerous graph-related applications are found to be closely related to the heterophily problem, e.g. graph fraud/anomaly detection, graph adversarial attacks and robustness, privacy, federated learning and point cloud segmentation, graph clustering, recommender systems, generative models, link prediction, graph classification and ...
Google OR-Tools is a free and open-source software suite developed by Google for solving linear programming (LP), mixed integer programming (MIP), constraint programming (CP), vehicle routing (VRP), and related optimization problems. [3] OR-Tools is a set of components written in C++ but provides wrappers for Java, .NET and Python.
The use of the terminology is in need of clarification. Machine learning is not confined to association rule mining, c.f. the body of work on symbolic ML and relational learning (the differences to deep learning being the choice of representation, localist logical rather than distributed, and the non-use of gradient-based learning algorithms).
OpenML: [494] Web platform with Python, R, Java, and other APIs for downloading hundreds of machine learning datasets, evaluating algorithms on datasets, and benchmarking algorithm performance against dozens of other algorithms. PMLB: [495] A large, curated repository of benchmark datasets for evaluating supervised machine learning algorithms ...