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The law of tolerance, or theory of tolerance, is best illustrated by a bell shaped curve. The range of the optimum. Tolerance ranges are not necessarily fixed. They can change as: Seasons change. Environmental conditions change. Life stage of the organism changes. Example – blue crabs. The eggs and larvae require higher salinity than adults.
In psychophysics, sensory threshold is the weakest stimulus that an organism can sense. Unless otherwise indicated, it is usually defined as the weakest stimulus that can be detected half the time, for example, as indicated by a point on a probability curve. [1] Methods have been developed to measure thresholds in any of the senses.
Functionally, it is highly possible that adaptation may enhance the limited response range of neurons to encode sensory signals with much larger dynamic ranges by shifting the range of stimulus amplitudes. [2] Also, in neural adaptation there is a sense of returning to baseline from a stimulated response. [3]
The pygmy mammoth is an example of insular dwarfism, a case of Foster's rule, its unusually small body size an adaptation to the limited resources of its island home.. A biological rule or biological law is a generalized law, principle, or rule of thumb formulated to describe patterns observed in living organisms.
The dose–response relationship, or exposure–response relationship, describes the magnitude of the response of an organism, as a function of exposure (or doses) to a stimulus or stressor (usually a chemical) after a certain exposure time. [1] Dose–response relationships can be described by dose–response curves. This is explained further ...
In neuroscience and psychophysics, an absolute threshold was originally defined as the lowest level of a stimulus – light, sound, touch, etc. – that an organism could detect. Under the influence of signal detection theory , absolute threshold has been redefined as the level at which a stimulus will be detected a specified percentage (often ...
The biotic index works by assigning different levels of tolerance to pollution to the different types of organisms. The types of macro invertebrates and other organisms found during sampling are broken into 4 groups: Pollution intolerant: These organisms are highly sensitive to pollution (Stonefly or Alderfly Larva)
Two useful introductions to the fundamental theory underlying the unit of selection issue and debate, which also present examples of multi-level selection from the entire range of the biological hierarchy (typically with entities at level N-1 competing for increased representation, i.e., higher frequency, at the immediately higher level N, e.g., organisms in populations or cell lineages in ...