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Rituximab, sold under the brand name Rituxan among others, is a monoclonal antibody medication used to treat certain autoimmune diseases and types of cancer. [18] It is used for non-Hodgkin lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia (in children and adults, but not recommended in elderly patients), rheumatoid arthritis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura ...
Mixed autoimmune hemolytic anemia (MAIHA) is a type of autoimmune hemolytic anemia which combines the features of cold sensitive antibody-induced diseases and warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia. The work-up for diagnosis is complex and the condition can be over-diagnosed. [1] [2] [better source needed]
The test was premature and was forgotten. In 1946, Boorman, Dodd, and Loutit applied the direct antiglobulin test to a variety of hemolytic anemias, and laid the foundation for the clear distinction of autoimmune from congenital hemolytic anemia. [citation needed] A hemolytic state exists whenever the red cell survival time is shortened from ...
An appropriate course of treatment for drug-induced autoimmune hemolytic anemia hasn't yet been established. Once DIIHA has been recognized, the patient must stop whatever drug caused the anemia in order to provide proper treatment. Patients should be given blood transfusions as needed.
Hemolytic anemia affects nonhuman species as well as humans. It has been found, in a number of animal species, to result from specific triggers. [51] Some notable cases include hemolytic anemia found in black rhinos kept in captivity, with the disease, in one instance, affecting 20% of captive rhinos at a specific facility.
If refractory to both these therapies, other options include rituximab, [4] [5] danazol, cyclosphosphamide, azathioprine, or ciclosporin. High-dose intravenous immune globulin may be effective in controlling hemolysis, but the benefit is short lived (1–4 weeks), and the therapy is very expensive. [citation needed]
Secondary cold agglutinin syndrome occurs when autoantibodies bind to red blood cells, rendering them subject to attack by the complement system. [17] It is a result of an underlying condition potentially associated with either monoclonal cold-reacting autoantibodies or polyclonal cold-reacting autoantibodies [16] predominantly caused by infection or lymphoproliferative disorders. [16]
This is an effect of intravascular hemolysis, in which hemoglobin separates from red blood cells, a form of anemia. Hemoglobinemia can be caused by intrinsic or extrinsic factors. When hemoglobinemia is internally caused, it is a result of recessive genetic defects that cause the red blood cells to lyse , letting the hemoglobin spill out of the ...