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Original file (1,239 × 1,752 pixels, file size: 5.98 MB, MIME type: application/pdf, 456 pages) This is a file from the Wikimedia Commons . Information from its description page there is shown below.
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Elementary Calculus: An Infinitesimal Approach; Nonstandard calculus; Infinitesimal; Archimedes' use of infinitesimals; For further developments: see list of real analysis topics, list of complex analysis topics, list of multivariable calculus topics
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In vector calculus, the curl, also known as rotor, is a vector operator that describes the infinitesimal circulation of a vector field in three-dimensional Euclidean space. The curl at a point in the field is represented by a vector whose length and direction denote the magnitude and axis of the maximum circulation. [ 1 ]
The textbook, which is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial Share Alike License, incorporated some of its example and exercise problems from Elementary calculus: An approach using Infinitesimals. [9] In 2023, Ximera received a $2.1 million grant from the Department of Education.
In mathematics, especially vector calculus and differential topology, a closed form is a differential form α whose exterior derivative is zero (dα = 0), and an exact form is a differential form, α, that is the exterior derivative of another differential form β. Thus, an exact form is in the image of d, and a closed form is in the kernel of d.
The Fox derivative and related concepts are often referred to as the Fox calculus, or (Fox's original term) the free differential calculus. The Fox derivative was developed in a series of five papers by mathematician Ralph Fox , published in Annals of Mathematics beginning in 1953.
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