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The thumb and large toe do not possess a middle phalanx. The distal phalanges are the bones at the tips of the fingers or toes. The proximal, intermediate, and distal phalanges articulate with one another through interphalangeal joints of hand and interphalangeal joints of the foot. [4]: 708–711 : 708–711
Joints of the hand, X-ray Interphalangeal ligaments and phalanges. Right hand. Deep dissection. Posterior (dorsal) view. The PIP joint exhibits great lateral stability. Its transverse diameter is greater than its antero-posterior diameter and its thick collateral ligaments are tight in all positions during flexion, contrary to those in the metacarpophalangeal joint.
However, the term describes the shape of a bone, not its size, which is relative. Long bones are found in the arms (humerus, ulna, radius) and legs (femur, tibia, fibula), as well as in the fingers (metacarpals, phalanges) and toes (metatarsals, phalanges). Long bones function as levers; they move when muscles contract. [1]
The fourteen phalanges make up the fingers and thumb, and are numbered I-V (thumb to little finger) when the hand is viewed from an anatomical position (palm up). The four fingers each consist of three phalanx bones: proximal, middle, and distal. The thumb only consists of a proximal and distal phalanx. [11]
However, recently there have been reports that the thumb, like other fingers, has three phalanges, but lacks a metacarpal bone. [3] Has greater breadth in the distal phalanx than in the proximal phalanx; Is attached to such a mobile metacarpus (which produces most of the opposability) Curls horizontally instead of vertically
Medial side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb and the ulnar sesamoid: Ulnar nerve (C8-T1) Adducts at the CMC joint and opposition First dorsal interosseous: Medial side of first metacarpal bone: Lateral side of second proximal phalanx: Ulnar nerve (C8-T1) Flexor pollicis brevis: Trapezium, flexor retinaculum
The medial and lateral surfaces are concave, for the attachment of the interosseus muscles, and separated from one another by a prominent anterior ridge. The dorsal surface presents in its distal two-thirds a smooth, triangular, flattened area which is covered in by the tendons of the extensor muscles. This surface is bounded by two lines ...
The only movements permitted in the joints of the digits are flexion and extension; these movements are more extensive between the first and second phalanges than between the second and third. The flexor hallucis longus and flexor digitorum longus flex the interphalangeal joint of the big toe and lateral four toes, respectively.