Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
A pleural effusion is accumulation of excessive fluid in the pleural space, the potential space that surrounds each lung.Under normal conditions, pleural fluid is secreted by the parietal pleural capillaries at a rate of 0.6 millilitre per kilogram weight per hour, and is cleared by lymphatic absorption leaving behind only 5–15 millilitres of fluid, which helps to maintain a functional ...
Because pleural effusion in the pediatric population is almost always parapneumonic and the need for chest tube drainage can be made on clinical grounds, British guidelines for the management of pleural infection in children do not recommend diagnostic pleural fluid sampling. [7]
The criteria for a complicated parapneumonic effusion include Gram stain–positive or culture-positive pleural fluid, pleural fluid pH <7.20, and pleural fluid LDH that is greater than three times the upper limit of normal of serum LDH. [2] Diagnostic techniques available include plain film chest x-ray, computed tomography (CT), and ultrasound ...
Chest x-ray is the first test done to confirm an excess of pleural fluid. The lateral upright chest x-ray should be examined when a pleural effusion is suspected. In an upright x-ray, 75 mL of fluid blunts the posterior costophrenic angle. Blunting of the lateral costophrenic angle usually requires about 175 mL but may take as much as 500 mL.
Resonance: Loud and low pitched. Normal lung sound. [15] Dullness: Medium intensity and pitch. Experienced with fluid. [14] A dull, muffled sound may replace resonance in conditions like pneumonia or hemothorax. Hyper-resonance: Very loud, very low pitch, and longer in duration. Abnormal. [14] Hyper-resonance can result from asthma or emphysema
This is called the pleural cavity (also pleural space). [2] It contains a tiny amount of serous fluid (pleural fluid) secreted by the pleurae, at an average pressure that is below the atmospheric pressure under healthy conditions. The two lungs, each bounded by a two-layered pleural sac, almost fill the thoracic cavity.
Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), also known as bronchoalveolar washing, is a diagnostic method of the lower respiratory system in which a bronchoscope is passed through the mouth or nose into an appropriate airway in the lungs, with a measured amount of fluid introduced and then collected for examination.
[8] [9] The suggestion is that for a child being exposed to microbes early in life, taking fewer antibiotics, living in a large family, and growing up in the country stimulate the T H 1 response and reduce the odds of developing asthma. [10] Asthma is associated with a procoagulant state in the bronchoalveolar space. [11]