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Orifice plate showing vena contracta. An orifice plate is a thin plate with a hole in it, which is usually placed in a pipe. When a fluid (whether liquid or gaseous) passes through the orifice, its pressure builds up slightly upstream of the orifice [1] but as the fluid is forced to converge to pass through the hole, the velocity increases and the fluid pressure decreases.
The choked velocity is a function of the upstream pressure but not the downstream. Although the velocity is constant, the mass flow rate is dependent on the density of the upstream gas, which is a function of the upstream pressure. Flow velocity reaches the speed of sound in the orifice, and it may be termed a sonic orifice.
An orifice gas meter consists of a straight length of pipe inside which a precisely known orifice plate creates a pressure drop, thereby affecting flow. Orifice meters are a type of differential meter, all of which infer the rate of gas flow by measuring the pressure difference across a deliberately designed and installed flow disturbance.
Natural gas that carries a lot of liquids with it is known as wet gas whereas natural gas that is produced without liquid is known dry gas. Dry gas is also treated as to remove all liquids. The effect of flow conditioning for various popular meters which is used in gas measurement is explained below.
30,000 m 3 (1,100,000 cu ft) blast furnace gas holder at Rautaruukki Steel in Finland. A gas holder or gasholder, also known as a gasometer, is a large container in which natural gas or town gas (coal gas or formerly also water gas) is stored near atmospheric pressure at ambient temperatures. The volume of the container follows the quantity of ...
An orifice is any opening, mouth, hole or vent, as in a pipe, a plate, or a body Body orifice, any opening in the body of a human or animal; Orifice plate, a restriction used to measure flow or to control pressure or flow, sometimes given specialised names: Calibrated orifice, used to control pressure or flow
A restrictive flow orifice (RFO) is a type of orifice plate.They are used to limit the potential danger, damage, or wastage of an uncontrolled flow from, for example, a compressed gas cylinder [1] [2] They are generally not limiting the flow during normal operation but if a fault or failure occurs causing uncontrolled flow the orifice will present a restriction, limiting the flow.
Furthermore, a direct measure of the density of the fluid is obtained. Coriolis measurement can be very accurate irrespective of the type of gas or liquid that is measured; the same measurement tube can be used for hydrogen gas and bitumen without recalibration. [citation needed] Coriolis flowmeters can be used for the measurement of natural ...
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