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The gauss is the unit of magnetic flux density B in the system of Gaussian units and is equal to Mx/cm 2 or g/Bi/s 2, while the oersted is the unit of H-field. One tesla (T) corresponds to 10 4 gauss, and one ampere (A) per metre corresponds to 4π × 10 −3 oersted.
Ratios of acceptable M/U for safety critical systems can vary from application to application. Studies have cited acceptable M/U ratios as being in the 2:1 to 10:1 range for nuclear weapons stockpile decision-making. Intuitively, the larger the value of M/U, the less of the available performance margin is being consumed by uncertainty in the ...
For example, the 68% confidence limits for a one-dimensional variable belonging to a normal distribution are approximately ± one standard deviation σ from the central value x, which means that the region x ± σ will cover the true value in roughly 68% of cases. If the uncertainties are correlated then covariance must be taken into account ...
This page lists examples of magnetic induction B in teslas and gauss produced by various sources, grouped by orders of magnitude.. The magnetic flux density does not measure how strong a magnetic field is, but only how strong the magnetic flux is in a given point or at a given distance (usually right above the magnet's surface).
[1] [2] Information theory , developed by Claude E. Shannon in 1948, defines the notion of channel capacity and provides a mathematical model by which it may be computed. The key result states that the capacity of the channel, as defined above, is given by the maximum of the mutual information between the input and output of the channel, where ...
In the CGS system, the unit of the H-field is the oersted and the unit of the B-field is the gauss.In the SI system, the unit ampere per meter (A/m), which is equivalent to newton per weber, is used for the H-field and the unit of tesla is used for the B-field.
Output measurements are assumed to be corrupted by Gaussian noise and the initial state, likewise, is assumed to be a Gaussian random vector. Under these assumptions an optimal control scheme within the class of linear control laws can be derived by a completion-of-squares argument. [ 1 ]
10 −2 ~10–50 mV Ripple voltage in the output of a good DC power supply [9] 75 mV Nerve cell resting potential [10] Deci-10 −1: 320 mV Typical voltage reference level in consumer audio electronics (0.316 V rms) [11] ~500 mV Typical MOSFET threshold voltage for modern processes [12] ~700 mV Forward voltage drop of normal silicon diodes [13 ...