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Early method of bleaching cotton and linen goods on lawns A bleach worker The textile bleaching (or bleaching of textiles ) is one of the steps in the textile manufacturing process . The objective of bleaching is to remove the natural color for the following steps such as dyeing or printing or to achieve full white . [ 1 ]
Micarta is a brand name for composites of linen, canvas, paper, fiberglass, carbon fiber, or other fabric in a thermosetting plastic. It was originally used in electrical and decorative applications. Micarta was developed by George Westinghouse at least as early as 1910 using phenolic resins invented by Leo Baekeland. These resins were used to ...
The fabric passes over rollers, immerses into a dye bath, and then proceeds through rollers that remove excess dye, allowing it to return to the dye container. [8] The difference between piece-dyeing in a vat and using a pad-dyeing machine is that in the latter, the fabric is continuously moved through one or more dye baths, rather than being ...
Scouring is an essential pre-treatment for the subsequent finishing stages that include bleaching, dyeing, and printing. [5] Raw and unfinished textiles contain a significant amount of impurities, both natural and foreign. It is necessary to eliminate these impurities to make the products ready for later steps in textile manufacturing. [6]
At this point the resin is a 3-dimensional network, which is typical of polymerised phenolic resins. The high crosslinking gives this type of phenolic resin its hardness, good thermal stability, and chemical imperviousness. Resoles are referred to as "one step" resins as they cure without a cross linker unlike novolacs, a "two step" resin.
Traditional linen fabrics and synthetic polyester are the most dominant fabrics used for lining; cotton is also sometimes used. Although experiments with synthetic fabrics have been carried out since the 1960s, linen cloths are still frequently used for lining because they maintain the aesthetics of traditional painting. [ 3 ]
Textile printing is related to dyeing but in dyeing properly the whole fabric is uniformly covered with one colour, whereas in printing one or more colours are applied to it in certain parts only, and in sharply defined patterns. [1] In printing, wooden blocks, stencils, engraved plates, rollers, or silkscreens can be used to place colours on ...
In natural dyeing, there are "fast" dye compounds (those that have the necessary molecular structure to form stable chemical bonds with mordants and fibres, and so provide good resistance to fading when washed, exposed to light, or subjected to normal rubbing/abrasion; these are found throughout the historic record), and there are "fugitive ...
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