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Dom Pedro II (2 December 1825 – 5 December 1891), nicknamed the Magnanimous (Portuguese: O Magnânimo), [1] was the second and last monarch of the Empire of Brazil, reigning for over 58 years. [ a ]
Pedro II's coffin leaving the Church of Madeleine, 1891. On the following day, thousands of mourners attended the ceremony at La Madeleine. Aside from Pedro II's family, these included: Francis II, former king of the Two Sicilies; Isabella II, former queen of Spain; Philippe, comte de Paris; and other members of European royalty.
The legacy of Pedro II of Brazil became apparent soon after his death. Emperor Pedro II was the second and last monarch of the Empire of Brazil , whose long 58-year reign (1831–1889) represented a time of remarkable prosperity and progress for his country.
The early life of Pedro II of Brazil covers the period from his birth on 2 December 1825 until 18 July 1841, when he was crowned and consecrated. Born in Rio de Janeiro, the Brazilian Emperor Dom Pedro II was the youngest and only surviving male child of Dom Pedro I, first emperor of Brazil, and his wife Dona Leopoldina, archduchess of Austria.
While Pedro II's rule began in 1840, [1] the roots of the collapse of the monarchy can be traced as far back as 1850, when Pedro II's youngest male child died. From that point onward, the emperor himself ceased to believe in the monarchy as a viable form of government for Brazil's future, as his remaining heir was a daughter.
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Coronation of Emperor Pedro II of Brazil in 1841. Painting by Manuel de Araújo Porto-Alegre. The Coronation of the Emperor of Brazil was the religious act of consecration during which the monarchs of the Empire of Brazil were solemnly blessed, anointed, crowned, invested with the other items of the imperial regalia and enthroned, according to the usages of the Catholic Church, the Empire's ...
Pedro II had grown and matured by 1843. He was considered a Handsome man, [1] [2] [3] at 1.91 m (6 ft 3 in) tall [4] [5] with blue eyes and brown hair. [3] [4] [6] He had, however, two physical flaws: a protunding jaw (inherited from his Habsburg mother's family, [6] [7] [8] which in the later 1840s he would try to conceal by letting his beard grow), [8] [9] and a high-pitched, childish voice.