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  2. Entailment (linguistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entailment_(linguistics)

    Linguistic entailments are entailments which arise in natural language. If a sentence A entails a sentence B, sentence A cannot be true without B being true as well. [1] For instance, the English sentence "Pat is a fluffy cat" entails the sentence "Pat is a cat" since one cannot be a fluffy cat without being a cat. On the other hand, this ...

  3. Logical consequence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_consequence

    Consider the modal account in terms of the argument given as an example above: All frogs are green. Kermit is a frog. Therefore, Kermit is green. The conclusion is a logical consequence of the premises because we can not imagine a possible world where (a) all frogs are green; (b) Kermit is a frog; and (c) Kermit is not green.

  4. Textual entailment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textual_entailment

    Textual entailment can be illustrated with examples of three different relations: [5] An example of a positive TE (text entails hypothesis) is: text: If you help the needy, God will reward you. hypothesis: Giving money to a poor man has good consequences. An example of a negative TE (text contradicts hypothesis) is:

  5. Discourse analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discourse_analysis

    Discourse analysis (DA), or discourse studies, is an approach to the analysis of written, spoken, or sign language, including any significant semiotic event. [ citation needed ] The objects of discourse analysis ( discourse , writing, conversation, communicative event ) are variously defined in terms of coherent sequences of sentences ...

  6. Rhetorical modes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhetorical_modes

    Examples are the satiric mode, the ironic, the comic, the pastoral, and the didactic. [2] Frederick Crews uses the term to mean a type of essay and categorizes essays as falling into four types, corresponding to four basic functions of prose: narration, or telling; description, or picturing; exposition, or explaining; and argument, or ...

  7. Paradoxes of material implication - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradoxes_of_material...

    In natural language, an instance of the paradox of entailment arises: It is raining. And It is not raining. Therefore George Washington is made of rakes. This arises from the principle of explosion, a law of classical logic stating that inconsistent premises always make an argument valid; that is, inconsistent premises imply any conclusion at all.

  8. Semantic analysis (linguistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_analysis...

    In linguistics, semantic analysis is the process of relating syntactic structures, from the levels of words, phrases, clauses, sentences and paragraphs to the level of the writing as a whole, to their language-independent meanings. It also involves removing features specific to particular linguistic and cultural contexts, to the extent that ...

  9. Logical form - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_Form

    In an ideal formal language, the meaning of a logical form can be determined unambiguously from syntax alone. Logical forms are semantic, not syntactic constructs; therefore, there may be more than one string that represents the same logical form in a given language. [1] The logical form of an argument is called the argument form of the argument.