Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
Logical consequence, also known as a consequence relation, or entailment; Consequent, in logic, the second half of a hypothetical proposition or consequences; Consequentialism, a theory in philosophy in which the morality of an act is determined by its effects; Unintended consequences; Consequence, in operant conditioning, a result of some behavior
The accounts discussed above all yield monotonic consequence relations, i.e. ones such that if is a consequence of , then is a consequence of any superset of . It is also possible to specify non-monotonic consequence relations to capture the idea that, e.g., 'Tweety can fly' is a logical consequence of
A collateral consequence may simply be one that is beyond the scope of consideration. These are as opposed to direct consequences, which stem from the action in an anticipated manner. For example, picture a person starting a farm. The direct consequences of this farm's development are revenue for the farmer, produce for consumers, etc.
Influenced by 19th century positivism [5] and Charles Darwin's evolution, for both Friedrich Engels and Karl Marx, the idea of uncertainty and chance in social dynamics (and thus unintended consequences beyond results of perfectly defined laws) was only apparent, (if not rejected) since social actions were directed and produced by deliberate human intention.
The consequent in a hypothetical proposition is not necessarily a consequence of the antecedent. If monkeys are purple, then fish speak Klingon. "Fish speak Klingon" is the consequent here, but intuitively is not a consequence of (nor does it have anything to do with) the claim made in the antecedent that "monkeys are purple".
One way to divide various consequentialisms is by the types of consequences that are taken to matter most, that is, which consequences count as good states of affairs. According to utilitarianism, a good action is one that results in an increase in pleasure, and the best action is one that results in the most pleasure for the greatest number.
Appeal to consequences, also known as argumentum ad consequentiam (Latin for "argument to the consequence"), is an argument that concludes a hypothesis (typically a belief) to be either true or false based on whether the premise leads to desirable or undesirable consequences. [1]
Thus first-order logical consequence is semidecidable: it is possible to make an effective enumeration of all pairs of sentences (φ,ψ) such that ψ is a logical consequence of φ. Unlike propositional logic , first-order logic is undecidable (although semidecidable), provided that the language has at least one predicate of arity at least 2 ...