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Okun's law is an empirical relationship. In Okun's original statement of his law, a 2% increase in output corresponds to a 1% decline in the rate of cyclical unemployment; a 0.5% increase in labor force participation; a 0.5% increase in hours worked per employee; and a 1% increase in output per hours worked (labor productivity).
This is nothing but a steeper version of the short-run Phillips curve above. Inflation rises as unemployment falls, while this connection is stronger. That is, a low unemployment rate (less than U*) will be associated with a higher inflation rate in the long run than in the short run. This occurs because the actual higher-inflation situation ...
The difference between potential output and actual output is referred to as output gap or GDP gap; it may closely track lags in industrial capacity utilization. [ 4 ] Potential output has also been studied in relation Okun's law as to percentage changes in output associated with changes in the output gap and over time [ 5 ] and in decomposition ...
The unemployment rate and the wage share are countercyclic: in the short run they rise when the economy is deteriorating. Acyclical indicators are those with little or no correlation to the business cycle: they may rise or fall when the general economy is doing well, and may rise or fall when it is not doing well. [9]
The fluctuations in wages are almost the same as in the level of employment (wage cycle lags one period behind the employment cycle), for when the economy is at high employment, workers are able to demand rises in wages, whereas in periods of high unemployment, wages tend to fall.
Level of education: Historically, as educational attainment rises, the unemployment rate falls. For example, the unemployment rate for college graduates was 2.4% in May 2016, versus 7.1% for those without a high school diploma. [96] Technology trends, with automation replacing workers in many industries while creating jobs in others.
The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) reports the unemployment rate on the first Friday of every month. It's up there with the GDP (gross domestic product) as one of the most important indicators of...
Alternatively, technological unemployment might refer to the way in which steady increases in labour productivity mean that fewer workers are needed to produce the same level of output every year. The fact that aggregate demand can be raised to deal with the problem suggests that the problem is instead one of cyclical unemployment.