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For every type T, except void and function types, there exist the types "array of N elements of type T". An array is a collection of values, all of the same type, stored contiguously in memory. An array of size N is indexed by integers from 0 up to and including N−1. Here is a brief example:
F IT is the inbreeding coefficient of an individual (I) relative to the total (T) population, as above; F IS is the inbreeding coefficient of an individual (I) relative to the subpopulation (S), using the above for subpopulations and averaging them; and F ST is the effect of subpopulations (S) compared to the total population (T), and is ...
One use for such "packed" structures is to conserve memory. For example, a structure containing a single byte (such as a char) and a four-byte integer (such as uint32_t) would require three additional bytes of padding. A large array of such structures would use 37.5% less memory if they are packed, although accessing each structure might take ...
The formula for the one-way ANOVA F-test statistic is =, or =. The "explained variance", or "between-group variability" is = (¯ ¯) / where ¯ denotes the sample mean in the i-th group, is the number of observations in the i-th group, ¯ denotes the overall mean of the data, and denotes the number of groups.
Lighting and reflection calculations, as in the video game OpenArena, use the fast inverse square root code to compute angles of incidence and reflection.. Fast inverse square root, sometimes referred to as Fast InvSqrt() or by the hexadecimal constant 0x5F3759DF, is an algorithm that estimates , the reciprocal (or multiplicative inverse) of the square root of a 32-bit floating-point number in ...
For the statistic t, with ν degrees of freedom, A(t | ν) is the probability that t would be less than the observed value if the two means were the same (provided that the smaller mean is subtracted from the larger, so that t ≥ 0). It can be easily calculated from the cumulative distribution function F ν (t) of the t distribution:
The formula in the definition of characteristic function allows us to compute φ when we know the distribution function F (or density f). If, on the other hand, we know the characteristic function φ and want to find the corresponding distribution function, then one of the following inversion theorems can be used.
In computer science, an integer is a datum of integral data type, a data type that represents some range of mathematical integers.Integral data types may be of different sizes and may or may not be allowed to contain negative values.