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During the Liberal democracy period in Indonesia and Guided Democracy that followed it under Sukarno, the common phrase used in speech and formal meetings was "Merdeka", the Indonesian and Malay word for independence or freedom, or variations of it such as "Salam Merdeka ".
Novel Sastra Indonesia Sebelum Parang (1979) Sastra Indonesia Modern: Beberapa Catatan (Modern Indonesian Literature: Scattered Notes), 1982; Bilang Begini, Maksudnya Begitu (1990) Politik, Ideologi dan Sastra Hibrida (Politics, Ideology and Hybrid Literature), 1999; Sihir Rendra: Permainan Makna (Rendra the Magician: The Play of Meaning), 1999
As of 2020, Indonesians make up 3.4% of the world's total population and Indonesia is the fourth most populous country after China, India and the United States.. Despite a fairly effective family planning program that has been in place since the 1967, [54] for the decade ending in 2020, Indonesia's population growth was 1.1 percent.
The culture of Indonesia (Indonesian: Budaya Indonesia) has been shaped by the interplay of indigenous customs and diverse foreign influences. With over 600 distinct ethnic groups , including significant Austronesian and Melanesian cultures, contributing to its rich traditions, languages , and customs, Indonesia is a melting pot of diversity.
In Russia the initial response to Family Happiness was lukewarm. The newspaper Sankt-Peterburgskiye Vedomosti (the July 1859, No. 155 issue) and the magazine Severny Tsvetok (Northern Flower, No. 22 1859) published positive, but very brief reviews.
Ismail Marzuki (also known as Bang Ma'ing; 11 May 1914 – 25 May 1958) was an Indonesian composer, songwriter and musician who wrote around 202 to 240 songs between 1931 and 1958, including numerous popular patriotic songs.
Nadiem Anwar Makarim (born 4 July 1984) is an Indonesian politician and businessman who is the only minister of education, culture, research, and technology of Indonesia, served from 2021 until 2024. [1] Prior to entering politics, in 2010, he founded Gojek, Indonesia's first startup valued over US$10 billion. [2]
The Sundanese (Indonesian: Orang Sunda; Sundanese: ᮅᮛᮀ ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ, romanized: Urang Sunda) are an Austronesian ethnic group native to western region of Java island in Indonesia, primarily West Java. They number approximately 42 million and form Indonesia's second most populous ethnic group.