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During the Liberal democracy period in Indonesia and Guided Democracy that followed it under Sukarno, the common phrase used in speech and formal meetings was "Merdeka", the Indonesian and Malay word for independence or freedom, or variations of it such as "Salam Merdeka ".
In Russia the initial response to Family Happiness was lukewarm. The newspaper Sankt-Peterburgskiye Vedomosti (the July 1859, No. 155 issue) and the magazine Severny Tsvetok (Northern Flower, No. 22 1859) published positive, but very brief reviews.
Keluarga Bahagia (Happy Family) 1991 See talk page: Membesarkan Anak Dalam Tuhan (Fostering Child in God) 1991 ISBN 979-8307-24-0: Hidup Kristen yang Berbuah (Fruitful Christian Life) 1992 ISBN 979-8307-01-1: Iman, Pengharapan, dan Kasih dalam Krisis (Faith, Hope, and Love in Crisis) 1998 ISBN 979-8307-52-6: Mengetahui Kehendak Allah (Knowing ...
Novel Sastra Indonesia Sebelum Parang (1979) Sastra Indonesia Modern: Beberapa Catatan (Modern Indonesian Literature: Scattered Notes), 1982; Bilang Begini, Maksudnya Begitu (1990) Politik, Ideologi dan Sastra Hibrida (Politics, Ideology and Hybrid Literature), 1999; Sihir Rendra: Permainan Makna (Rendra the Magician: The Play of Meaning), 1999
The culture of Indonesia (Indonesian: Budaya Indonesia) has been shaped by the interplay of indigenous customs and diverse foreign influences. With over 600 distinct ethnic groups , including significant Austronesian and Melanesian cultures, contributing to its rich traditions, languages , and customs, Indonesia is a melting pot of diversity.
" Indonesia Raya" ('Indonesia the Great') is the national anthem of Indonesia. It has been the national anthem since the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence on 17 August 1945. The song was introduced by its composer , Wage Rudolf Supratman , on 28 October 1928 during the Youth Pledge in Jakarta . [ 1 ]
Nadiem Anwar Makarim (born 4 July 1984) is an Indonesian politician and businessman who is the only minister of education, culture, research, and technology of Indonesia, served from 2021 until 2024. [1] Prior to entering politics, in 2010, he founded Gojek, Indonesia's first startup valued over US$10 billion. [2]
Ismail Marzuki (also known as Bang Ma'ing; 11 May 1914 – 25 May 1958) was an Indonesian composer, songwriter and musician who wrote around 202 to 240 songs between 1931 and 1958, including numerous popular patriotic songs.