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Prior to 2010, [1] standard equity option naming convention in North America, as used by the Options Clearing Corporation, was as follows: For example, an Apple Inc AAPL.O call option that would have expired in December 2007 at a $122.50 strike price would be displayed as APVLZ in old convention (AAPL071222C00122500 in new convention).
The above symbol represents a put on SPX, expiring on 11/22/2014, with a strike price of $19.50. LAMR 150117C00052500. The above symbol represents a call on LAMR, expiring on 1/17/2015, with a strike price of $52.50. The OCC option symbol can be mapped to other identifiers, such as a Financial Instrument Global Identifier (FIGI). [5]
To establish a futures contract, traders must put up a portion of its total value called margin, often 3 to 12 percent. The clearinghouse holds this capital as security for the contract.
For example, a futures contract on a zero-coupon bond will have a futures price lower than the forward price. This is called the futures "convexity correction". Thus, assuming constant rates, for a simple, non-dividend paying asset, the value of the futures/forward price, F(t,T) , will be found by compounding the present value S(t) at time t to ...
The multiplier for the Dow Jones is 5, essentially meaning that Dow Futures are working on 5-1 leverage. If the Dow Futures are trading at 10,000, a single futures contract would have a market value of $50,000. For every 1 point the Dow Jones Industrial Average fluctuates, the Dow Futures contract will increase or decrease $5.
This is a list of notable futures exchanges. Those stock exchanges that also offer trading in futures contracts besides trading in securities are listed both here and the list of stock exchanges .
Compared to their futures counterparts, forwards (especially Forward Rate Agreements) need convexity adjustments, that is a drift term that accounts for future rate changes. In futures contracts, this risk remains constant whereas a forward contract's risk changes when rates change. [11]
To name a specific contract in a financial futures market, the month code will follow the contract code, and in turn be followed by the year. For example, CLZ3 is the December 2023 NYMEX crude oil contract. CL denotes crude oil (crude light), Z corresponds to the December delivery month, and 3 refers to 2023.