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Development of the artificial cardiac pacemaker and cardiac defibrillator Paul Maurice Zoll (July 15, 1911 – January 5, 1999) [ 1 ] was a Jewish [ 2 ] American cardiologist and one of the pioneers in the development of the artificial cardiac pacemaker and cardiac defibrillator .
A pacemaker, also known as an artificial cardiac pacemaker, is an implanted medical device that generates electrical pulses delivered by electrodes to one or more of the chambers of the heart. Each pulse causes the targeted chamber(s) to contract and pump blood, [ 3 ] thus regulating the function of the electrical conduction system of the heart .
John Alexander Hopps, OC (May 21, 1919 – November 24, 1998) was a co-developer of both the first artificial pacemaker and the first combined pacemaker-defibrillator, and was the founder of the Canadian Medical and Biological Engineering Society (CMBES). He has been called the "Father of biomedical engineering in Canada." [1] [2] [3]
Rune Elmqvist (1 December 1906 – 15 December 1996) was a Swedish physician turned engineer who developed the first implantable pacemaker in 1958, working under the direction of Åke Senning, senior physician and cardiac surgeon at the Karolinska University Hospital in Solna, Sweden.
He then went on to discover he could use electricity to set the pace of a sick heart. In 1926, Lidwill was working at the Crown Street Women's Hospital in Sydney where he resuscitated a newborn baby with an electrical device. Lidwill's method was to put a needle into the heart to administer 16-volt impulses via the apparatus he had invented. [3]
The cardiac pacemaker is the heart's natural rhythm generator. It employs pacemaker cells that produce electrical impulses, known as cardiac action potentials, which control the rate of contraction of the cardiac muscle, that is, the heart rate. In most humans, these cells are concentrated in the sinoatrial (SA) node, the primary pacemaker ...
Pacemakers are also sometimes used temporarily when someone is recovering from a heart attack or heart surgery, but in this case only the wires are inserted into the body; the pacemaker box stays ...
Invented by Anthony Adducci. Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. 1972 [4] The first $50,000 capitalization for CPI was raised from a phone booth on the Minneapolis skyway system. [5] They began designing and testing their implantable cardiac pacemaker powered with the world's first longer-life lithium battery in 1971. The first CPI pacemaker was implanted ...