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On a sunny day at ISO 100 ("100 speed film"), the aperture is set to f /16 and the shutter speed (i.e. exposure time) to 1 / 100 or 1 / 125 [2] seconds (on some cameras 1 / 125 second is the closest available setting to 1 / 100 second). On a sunny day at ISO 200 and aperture at f /16, set shutter speed to 1 / ...
An example of the use of f-numbers in photography is the sunny 16 rule: an approximately correct exposure will be obtained on a sunny day by using an aperture of f /16 and the shutter speed closest to the reciprocal of the ISO speed of the film; for example, using ISO 200 film, an aperture of f /16 and a shutter speed of 1 ⁄ 200 second. The f ...
For example, f /8 lets four times more light into the camera as f /16 does. A shutter speed of 1 ⁄ 50 s with an f /4 aperture gives the same exposure value as a 1 ⁄ 100 s shutter speed with an f /2.8 aperture, and also the same exposure value as a 1 ⁄ 200 s shutter speed with an f /2 aperture, or 1 ⁄ 25 s at f /5.6. [citation needed]
Extended exposure time of 26 seconds. Exposure value is a base-2 logarithmic scale defined by (Ray 2000, 318): = = , where N is the f-number; and; t is the exposure time ("shutter speed") in seconds [2]
The ISO arithmetic speed has a useful property for photographers without the equipment for taking a metered light reading. Correct exposure will usually be achieved for a frontlighted scene in bright sun if the aperture of the lens is set to f/16 and the shutter speed is the reciprocal of the ISO film speed (e.g. 1/100 second for 100 ISO film).
As f /5.6 is 3 stops "faster" than f /16, with each stop meaning double the amount of light, a new shutter speed of (1/125)/(2·2·2) = 1/1000 s is needed. Once the photographer has determined the exposure, aperture stops can be traded for halvings or doublings of speed, within limits.
For any given shutter speed, a flash device can only fill shadows to 50% the contribution from the sun out to a certain distance; at a camera's X‑sync shutter speed, no change in ISO sensitivity—and accompanying f‑stop setting—can influence this proportional relationship.
The basic rule is: "For astronomical photos of the Moon's surface, set aperture to f /11 and shutter speed to the [reciprocal of the] ISO film speed [or ISO setting]." [1] With ISO 100, the photographer should set the shutter speed to 1/100 or 1/125 second. (On some cameras, 1/125 second is the available setting nearest to 1/100 second.)