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The structure of the molecule of urea is O=C(−NH 2) 2.The urea molecule is planar when in a solid crystal because of sp 2 hybridization of the N orbitals. [8] [9] It is non-planar with C 2 symmetry when in the gas phase [10] or in aqueous solution, [9] with C–N–H and H–N–H bond angles that are intermediate between the trigonal planar angle of 120° and the tetrahedral angle of 109.5°.
Urea in low doses is a humectant while at high doses (above 20%) it causes breakdown of protein in the skin. [ 10 ] Urea dissolves the intercellular matrix of the cells of the stratum corneum , promoting desquamation of scaly skin , eventually resulting in softening of hyperkeratotic areas. [ 5 ]
Ureases are found in numerous bacteria, fungi, algae, plants, and some invertebrates, as well as in soils, as a soil enzyme. They are nickel-containing metalloenzymes of high molecular weight. [3] These enzymes catalyze the hydrolysis of urea into carbon dioxide and ammonia: (NH 2) 2 CO + H 2 O urease → CO 2 + 2NH 3.
The urea is used as the nitrogen and carbon source for the bacterium. S. pasteurii are able to induce the hydrolysis of urea and use it as a source of energy by producing and secreting the urease enzyme. The enzyme hydrolyzes the urea to form carbonate and ammonia. During this hydrolysis, a few more spontaneous reactions are performed.
Dimethylurea. Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). ?) Dimethylurea (DMU) (IUPAC systematic name: 1,3-Dimethylurea ) is a urea derivative and used as an intermediate in organic synthesis. It is a colorless crystalline powder with little toxicity.
Uremia is the term for high levels of urea in the blood. Urea is one of the primary components of urine. It can be defined as an excess in the blood of amino acid and protein metabolism end products, such as urea and creatinine, which would be normally excreted in the urine. Uremic syndrome can be defined as the terminal clinical manifestation ...
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