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A mature female big-cone pine (Pinus coulteri) cone, the heaviest pine cone A young female cone on a Norway spruce (Picea abies) Immature male cones of Swiss pine (Pinus cembra) A conifer cone, or in formal botanical usage a strobilus, pl.: strobili, is a seed-bearing organ on gymnosperm plants, especially in conifers and cycads.
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The trees are mostly dioecious, with male and female cones found on separate trees, [4] though occasional individuals are monoecious or change sex with time. [5] The female cones, usually high on the top of the tree, are globose , and vary in size among species from 7 to 25 centimetres (3 to 10 in) in diameter.
The female cone then opens, releasing the seeds which grow to a young seedling. To fertilize the ovum, the male cone releases pollen that is carried in the wind to the female cone. This is pollination. (Male and female cones usually occur on the same plant.) The pollen fertilizes the female gamete (located in the female cone).
The female cones are large and usually woody, 2–60 centimetres (1–24 inches) long, with numerous spirally arranged scales, and two winged seeds on each scale. The male cones are small, 0.5–6 cm (1 ⁄ 4 – 2 + 1 ⁄ 4 in) long, and fall soon after pollination; pollen dispersal is by wind. Seed dispersal is mostly by wind, but some ...
It is usually dioecious, with the male and female cones on separate trees, though occasional individuals bear cones of both sexes. The male (pollen) cones are oblong and cucumber-shaped, 4 cm (1 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) long at first, expanding to 8–12 cm (3– 4 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) long by 5–6 cm (2– 2 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) broad at pollen release. It is wind ...
The male (pollen) cones are oblong, 6 cm (2 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) long at first, expanding to 10–18 cm (4–7 in) long by 15–25 mm (9 ⁄ 16 –1 in) broad at pollen release. Like all conifers it is wind pollinated. The female cones (seed), which mature in autumn about 18 months after pollination, are globose, large, 18–25 cm (7–10 in) in ...
The distinguishing characteristic is the reproductive structure known as a cone produced by all Pinales. All of the extant conifers, such as Araucaria , cedar , celery-pine , cypress , fir , juniper , kauri , larch , pine , redwood , spruce , and yew , are included here.