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Cologne was an important military target, being a heavily industrialized city with many factories producing war supplies [citation needed] and the city had a large railway network, used for the transportation of troops and weapons. A total of 34,711 long tons of bombs were dropped on Cologne, with the last air raid carried out on 2 March 1945. [2]
EL-DE Haus, officially the NS Documentation Center of the City of Cologne, located in Cologne, is the former headquarters of the Gestapo and now a museum documenting the Third Reich. The building was at first the business premises of jeweller Leopold Dahmen, and the building takes its name from his initials. [ 1 ]
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NS-DOC logo The permanent exhibition Cellblocks in the cellar. The NS Documentation Centre of the City of Cologne [1] (German: NS-Dokumentationszentrum der Stadt Köln) was founded by a resolution passed by the Cologne city council on December 13, 1979, and has become the largest regional memorial site in all of Germany for the victims of the Nazis.
A ruined Cologne in 1945. The German city of Cologne was bombed in 262 separate air raids [1] by the Allies during World War II, all by the Royal Air Force (RAF). A total of 34,711 long tons (35,268 t) of bombs were dropped on the city, [2] and 20,000 civilians died during the war in Cologne due to aerial bombardments.
The chapel was seen as a memorial of the war, called Madonna in den Trümmern ("Madonna of the Ruins"). [4] Ruins of former churches, from medieval to Gothic, were excavated on the site in the 1970s. [6] [4] The Swiss architect Peter Zumthor designed a new museum for the archdiocese which integrates the chapel, and the excavation sites. [4]
Until 2007 it was located near Cologne Cathedral. Its new home, built from 2003 to 2007, was designed by Peter Zumthor and inaugurated by Joachim Meisner. The site was originally occupied by the romanesque Church of St. Kolumba, which was destroyed in World War II and replaced in 1950 by a Gottfried Böhm chapel nicknamed the "Madonna of the ...
Notable bombings of V-1 facilities during World War II; Site "Noball" number Bombing date Notes Abbeville/Amiens: December 22, 1943: 51 aircraft attacked 2 flying-bomb sites between Abbeville and Amiens. One was destroyed, but the other was not located. Abbeville/Amiens: August 28, 1944: The Amiens ("Wemars/Cappel") site was attacked. [22 ...