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Human nutrition deals with the provision of essential nutrients in food that are necessary to support human life and good health. [1] Poor nutrition is a chronic problem often linked to poverty, food security , or a poor understanding of nutritional requirements. [ 2 ]
Nutritional science (also nutrition science, sometimes short nutrition, dated trophology [1]) is the science that studies the physiological process of nutrition (primarily human nutrition), interpreting the nutrients and other substances in food in relation to maintenance, growth, reproduction, health and disease of an organism.
Nutritional genomics, also known as nutrigenomics, is a science studying the relationship between human genome, human nutrition and health. People in the field work toward developing an understanding of how the whole body responds to a food via systems biology, as well as single gene/single food compound relationships.
Human behavior is closely related to human nutrition, making it a subject of social science in addition to biology. Nutrition in humans is balanced with eating for pleasure, and optimal diet may vary depending on the demographics and health concerns of each person. [37] Humans are omnivores that eat a variety of foods.
By definition, phytochemicals include all nutritional and non-nutritional components of edible plants. [37] Included as nutritional constituents are provitamin A carotenoids , [ 38 ] whereas those without nutrient status are diverse polyphenols , flavonoids , resveratrol , and lignans that are present in numerous plant foods. [ 39 ]
The Nutrition Source of Harvard School of Public Health (HSPH) makes the following dietary recommendations: [23] Eat healthy fats: healthy fats are necessary and beneficial for health. [ 24 ] HSPH "recommends the opposite of the low-fat message promoted for decades by the USDA" and "does not set a maximum on the percentage of calories people ...
The human diet can vary widely. In nutrition, diet is the sum of food consumed by a person or other organism. [1] The word diet often implies the use of specific intake of nutrition for health or weight-management reasons (with the two often being related).
The four organogenic elements, namely carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen , that comprise roughly 96% of the human body by weight, [7] are usually not considered as minerals (nutrient). In fact, in nutrition, the term "mineral" refers more generally to all the other functional and structural elements found in living organisms.