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The history of Bulgaria can be traced from the first settlements on the lands of modern Bulgaria to its formation as a nation-state, and includes the history of the Bulgarian people and their origin. The earliest evidence of hominid occupation discovered in what is today Bulgaria date from at least 1.4 million years ago. [1]
Sofia first became part of the First Bulgarian Empire during the reign of Khan Krum in 809. Afterwards, it was known by the Bulgarian name Sredets and grew into an important fortress and administrative centre. [14] Interior view with the frescoes dating back to 1259, Boyana Church in Sofia, UNESCO World Heritage List landmark.
History of Bulgaria; Odrysian kingdom 460 BC – 46 AD; Roman times 46–681; Dark Ages c. 6th–7th cent. Old Great Bulgaria 7th cent., 632–668; First Bulgarian Empire 681–1018. Christianization; Golden Age 896–927; Cometopuli dynasty 968–1018; Byzantine Bulgaria 1018–1185; Second Bulgarian Empire 1185–1396. Second Golden Age 1230 ...
The first seal of the city, from 1878, which calls it Sredets, its name in Old Bulgarian. For a long time, the city possessed [31] a Thracian name, Serdica (Ancient Greek: Σερδικη, Serdikē, or Σαρδικη, Sardikē; Latin: Serdica or Sardica), derived from the tribe Serdi, who were either of Thracian, [17] [19] Celtic, [32] or mixed Thracian-Celtic origin.
Year Date Event 632: Great Bulgaria was formed after the unification of the tribes of Kutrigurs, Utigurs, and Onogurs (Onodonduri). 635: A peace treaty was signed by Kubrat with the Byzantine Empire. 668: Khazar's pressure caused Great Bulgaria to decline. Volga Bulgaria (7th century–1240s) is formed. 680/681: First Bulgarian Empire (Danubian ...
The name Bulgaria is derived from the Bulgars, a tribe of Turkic origin that founded the First Bulgarian Empire. Their name is not completely understood and is difficult to trace it back earlier than the 4th century AD, [10] but it is possibly derived from the Proto-Turkic word bulģha ("to mix", "shake", "stir") and its derivative bulgak ...
Some historians use the terms Danube Bulgaria, [13] First Bulgarian State, [14] [15] or First Bulgarian Tsardom (Empire). Between 681 and 864 the country is also called by modern historians as the Bulgarian Khanate, [16] or the Bulgar Khaganate, [17] from the Turkic title of khan/khagan borne by its rulers.
Bulgaria, recuperating from the Balkan Wars, sat out the first year of World War I, but when Germany promised to restore the boundaries of the Treaty of San Stefano, Bulgaria, which had the largest army in the Balkans, declared war on Serbia in October 1915. Britain, France and Italy then declared war on Bulgaria.