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The Church Fathers are the early and influential Christian theologians and writers, particularly those of the first five centuries of Christian history. The earliest Church Fathers, within two generations of the Twelve Apostles of Christ, are usually called Apostolic Fathers for reportedly knowing and studying under the apostles personally.
Shortly after the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ (Nisan 14 or 15), the Jerusalem church was founded as the first Christian church with about 120 Jews and Jewish Proselytes , followed by the events of Pentecost (Sivan 6) Ananias and Sapphira incident, Pharisee Gamaliel's defense of the Apostles (Acts 5:34–39),
c. 543 – Makuria (Chalcedonian), Nobatia and Alodia (Coptic Church) c. 550 – Suebi return from Arian to Chalcedonian; c. 558 – Christianization of Ireland (Celtic Church) c. 563 – Picts (Celtic Church) [8] c. 568 – Lombards (Arian Church) 569 – Garamantes (Chalcedonian Church) 589 – Visigoths go from Arian to Chalcedonian
Montanus, self-proclaimed prophet and founder of Montanism, last quarter of 2nd century CE Tertullian , church father, apologist, first Christian writer in Latin, later a Montanist 197~230 Hippolytus , church father, sometimes termed the first Antipope , reconciled with the church and died a martyr 217~236
[36] [37] The letters of the Apostle Paul sent to the early Christian communities were circulating in collected form by the end of the first century. [38] The codex, the ancestor of modern books, was used by first-century Christians, but the Egyptian church likely invented the papyrus codex during the next decades. [39]
Early Christianity, otherwise called the Early Church or Paleo-Christianity, describes the historical era of the Christian religion up to the First Council of Nicaea in 325. Christianity spread from the Levant , across the Roman Empire , and beyond.
The first name of the church was in fact Basilica Martyrum. Basilica of Saint-Pierre-aux-Nonnains: Metz: France: 380 380 7th century Roman Catholic Originally built to be part of a Roman spa complex, the structure was converted into use as a church in the 7th century when it became the chapel of a Benedictine monastery. San Nazaro in Brolo ...
Ferdinand Christian Baur applied Hegelian philosophy to church history and described a 2nd-century Christian community fabricating the gospels. Adolf Harnack was the leading expert in patristics, or the study of the Church Fathers , whose writings defined early Christian practice and doctrine.