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A number of dots (n) lengthen the note value by 2 n − 1 / 2 n its value, so two dots add two lower note values, making a total of one and three quarters times its original duration. The rare three dots make it one and seven eighths the duration, and so on.
Because of that, all notes with these kinds of relations can be grouped under the same pitch class and are often given the same name. The top note of a musical scale is the bottom note's second harmonic and has double the bottom note's frequency. Because both notes belong to the same pitch class, they are often called by the same name.
The duration (note length or note value) is indicated by the form of the note-head or with the addition of a note-stem plus beams or flags. A stemless hollow oval is a whole note or semibreve, a hollow rectangle or stemless hollow oval with one or two vertical lines on both sides is a double whole note or breve.
Musical symbols are marks and symbols in musical notation that indicate various aspects of how a piece of music is to be performed. There are symbols to communicate information about many musical elements, including pitch, duration, dynamics, or articulation of musical notes; tempo, metre, form (e.g., whether sections are repeated), and details about specific playing techniques (e.g., which ...
[134] [135] Music is experienced by individuals in a range of social settings from being alone, to attending a large concert, forming a music community, which cannot be understood as a function of individual will or accident; it includes both commercial and non-commercial participants with a shared set of common values. Musical performances ...
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Octave name Frequency (using A 440 equal temperament) MIDI note number Other names Audio C −1: C͵͵͵ or ͵͵͵C or CCCC: Octocontra: 8.176 Hz 0: Quadruple Low C (64 ft. organ pipes) C 0: C͵͵ or ͵͵C or CCC: Subcontra: 16.352 Hz 12: Triple Low C (32 ft. organ pipes), Octobass C: C 1: C͵ or ͵C or CC: Contra: 32.703 Hz 24
List of musical scales and modes Name Image Sound Degrees Intervals Integer notation # of pitch classes Lower tetrachord Upper tetrachord Use of key signature usual or unusual 15 equal temperament: 15-tet scale on C. Play ⓘ — — — 15 — — — 16 equal temperament: 16-tet scale on C. Play ⓘ — — — 16 — — — 17 equal ...