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The general structure of a phosphite ester showing the lone pairs on the P. In organic chemistry, a phosphite ester or organophosphite usually refers to an organophosphorous compound with the formula P(OR) 3. They can be considered as esters of an unobserved tautomer phosphorous acid, H 3 PO 3, with the simplest example being trimethylphosphite ...
The higher the proton affinity, the stronger the base and the weaker the conjugate acid in the gas phase.The (reportedly) strongest known base is the ortho-diethynylbenzene dianion (E pa = 1843 kJ/mol), [3] followed by the methanide anion (E pa = 1743 kJ/mol) and the hydride ion (E pa = 1675 kJ/mol), [4] making methane the weakest proton acid [5] in the gas phase, followed by dihydrogen.
An ester of carboxylic acid. R stands for any group (organic or inorganic) and R′ stands for organyl group. In chemistry, an ester is a compound derived from an acid (organic or inorganic) in which the hydrogen atom (H) of at least one acidic hydroxyl group (−OH) of that acid is replaced by an organyl group (−R).
The phosphate ion has a molar mass of 94.97 g/mol, and consists of a central phosphorus atom surrounded by four oxygen atoms in a tetrahedral arrangement. It is the conjugate base of the hydrogen phosphate ion H(PO 4) 2−, which in turn is the conjugate base of the dihydrogen phosphate ion H 2 (PO 4) −
From the commercial perspective, the most important phosphite salt is basic lead phosphite. Many salts containing the phosphite ion have been investigated structurally, these include sodium phosphite pentahydrate (Na 2 HPO 3 ·5H 2 O). (NH 4) 2 HPO 3 ·H 2 O, CuHPO 3 ·H 2 O, SnHPO 3 and Al 2 (HPO 3) 3 ·4H 2 O. [4] The structure of HPO 2− 3 ...
When aliphatic alcohols are used the HCl by-product can react with the phosphate esters to give organochlorides and a lower ester. O=P(OR) 3 + HCl → O=P(OR) 2 OH + RCl. This reaction is usually undesirable and is exacerbated by high reaction temperatures. It can be inhibited by the use of a base or the removal of HCl through sparging.
In organic chemistry, a ketone / ˈ k iː t oʊ n / is an organic compound with the structure R−C(=O)−R', where R and R' can be a variety of carbon-containing substituents. Ketones contain a carbonyl group −C(=O)− (a carbon-oxygen double bond C=O). The simplest ketone is acetone (where R and R' are methyl), with the formula (CH 3) 2 CO ...
With the formula (HO) 2 P(O)CH 2 NHCH 2 CO 2 H, this derivative of glycine is one of the most widely used herbicides. Bisphosphonates are a class of drugs to treat osteoporosis. The nerve gas agent sarin, containing both C–P and F–P bonds, is a phosphonate. [citation needed] Phosphinates feature two P–C bonds, with the general formula R 2 ...