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For literary domains, a mere transliteration between Hindi-Urdu will not suffice as formal Hindi is more inclined towards Sanskrit vocabulary whereas formal Urdu is more inclined towards Persian and Arabic vocabulary; hence a system combining transliteration and translation would be necessary for such cases. [9]
[3] In 1982, a translation of 700 couplets of the Kural text was published under the title "Satsai." [ 3 ] There was yet another Hindi translation in 1989. [ 3 ] In 1990, T. E. S. Raghavan rendered a poetic rendition in couplet form in 'Venba' metre as in the source, following four words in the first line and three in the second. [ 5 ]
Transliteration is a type of conversion of a text from one script to another that involves swapping letters (thus trans-+ liter-) in predictable ways, such as Greek α → a , Cyrillic д → d , Greek χ → the digraph ch , Armenian ն → n or Latin æ → ae .
A bilingual dictionary or translation dictionary is a specialized dictionary used to translate words or phrases from one language to another. Bilingual dictionaries can be unidirectional , meaning that they list the meanings of words of one language in another, or can be bidirectional , allowing translation to and from both languages.
[a] Fidelity is the extent to which a translation accurately renders the meaning of the source text, without distortion. Transparency is the extent to which a translation appears to a native speaker of the target language to have originally been written in that language, and conforms to its grammar, syntax and idiom.
Google Translate is a multilingual neural machine translation service developed by Google to translate text, documents and websites from one language into another. It offers a website interface, a mobile app for Android and iOS, as well as an API that helps developers build browser extensions and software applications. [3]
Nāgarī is an adjective derived from nagara , a Sanskrit word meaning "town" or "city", and literally means "urban" or "urbane". [21] The word Nāgarī (implicitly modifying lipi , "script") was used on its own to refer to a North Indian script, or perhaps a number of such scripts, as Al-Biruni attests in the 11th century; the form ...
Literal translation, direct translation, or word-for-word translation is the translation of a text done by translating each word separately without analysing how the words are used together in a phrase or sentence. [1] In translation theory, another term for literal translation is metaphrase (as opposed to paraphrase for an analogous translation).