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The National House of Traditional Leaders officially advises the presidency today and is composed of 23 members, while the Congress of Traditional Leaders of South Africa currently functions as a more inclusive, non-governmental version. In Zambia, according to the 1996 constitution. [3] In Zimbabwe, the Zimbabwe Council of Chiefs.
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This is a list of the offices of heads of state, heads of government, cabinet, and legislature, of sovereign states. Date of Origin refers to most recent fundamental change in form of government, for example independence, change from absolute monarchy to constitutional monarchy, revolution, new constitution.
In semi-presidential and parliamentary systems, the head of government (i.e. executive) role is fulfilled by the listed head of government and the head of state. In one-party states , the ruling party 's leader (e.g. the General Secretary ) is usually the de facto top leader of the state, though sometimes this leader also holds the presidency ...
The institution of traditional leadership is regulated and monitored within the parameters of the Constitution of Zimbabwe. [3] [4] These leaders are put in position by the government of Zimbabwe [5] [6] to work with the people. A chief is not elected into office by popular vote, but through lineage, and is thus in office for life.
Republics where the government's powers are limited by law or a formal constitution (an official document establishing the exact powers and restrictions of a nation and its government), and in which the leaders are chosen by a vote amongst the populace. Typically, laws cannot be passed which violate said constitution, unless the constitution ...
The constitution recognizes the right of "traditional authorities" to operate by and amend systems of customary law, and directs the courts to apply these laws as applicable. It also empowers the national and provincial legislatures to formally establish houses for and councils of traditional leaders.
However, the eruption in late 1998 of fighting between Sassou's government forces and a pro-Lissouba and pro-Kolélas armed opposition disrupted the transition to democracy. [...] A new Constitution was [...] approved by the people of Congo in a national referendum in January 2002." [4] Pervez Musharraf Pakistan: 1999–2007 See 1999 Pakistani ...