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The most common method measuring and reporting poverty is the headcount ratio, given as the percentage of the population that is below the poverty line. For example, The New York Times in July 2012 reported the poverty headcount ratio as 11.1% of American population in 1973, 15.2% in 1983, and 11.3% in 2000. [6] One of the undesirable features ...
For example, the poverty head count ratio at national poverty line (percentage of population) in India was last reported at 21.9% in 2011. [3] In July 2012, The New York Times reported the poverty head count ratio as 11.1% of the population of the United States in 1973, 15.2% in 1983 and 11.3% in 2000.
The depth of poverty is the average 'gap' (G) between the level of deprivation poor people experience and the poverty cut-off line. M1 = H x A x G. Adjusted Squared Poverty Gap (M2): This measure reflects the incidence, intensity, and depth of poverty, as well as inequality among the poor (captured by the squared gap, S). M2 = H x A x S.
According to World Bank, "Poverty headcount ratio at a defined value a day is the percentage of the population living on less than that value a day at 2017 purchasing power adjusted prices. As a result of revisions in PPP exchange rates, poverty rates for individual countries cannot be compared with poverty rates reported in earlier editions."
The Foster–Greer–Thorbecke indices are a family of poverty metrics.The most commonly used index from the family, FGT 2, puts higher weight on the poverty of the poorest individuals, making it a combined measure of poverty and income inequality and a popular choice within development economics.
When measured, poverty may be absolute or relative.Absolute poverty refers to a set standard which is consistent over time and between countries. An example of an absolute measurement would be the percentage of the population eating less food than is required to sustain the human body (approximately 2000–2500 calories per day).
Various poverty lines and resulting percentage of BPL population Method Line Figure % of poor population Poor population World Bank (2021) poverty line 1.90 (PPP $ day) 6 84m [7] lower middle-income line 3.20 (PPP $ day) 26.2 365m [7] upper middle-income line 5.50 (PPP $ day) 60.1 838m [7] Asian Development Bank (2014) poverty line
A related class of ratios is "income share", the percentage of the national income received by some specified richest or poorest percentage-segment of the population. The population, but the Lorenz Curve (discussed in the Gini section) graphs the cumulative income of the bottom-income x% of the population, for all x from 0 to 100.