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After the foundation of the Empire around 1300, the title of Sheikh-ul-Islam, formerly used in the Abbasid Caliphate, was given to a leader authorized to issue legal opinion or fatwa. During the reign of Sultan Murad II , (1421-1444, 1446-1451) the position became an official title, with authority over other muftis in the Empire.
The Ottomans had a strict hierarchy of ulama, with the Sheikh ul-Islam holding the highest rank. A Sheikh ul-Islam was chosen by a royal warrant amongst the qadis of important cities. The Sheikh ul-Islam had the power to confirm new sultans. However, once the sultan was affirmed, the sultan retained a higher authority than the Sheik ul-Islam.
Ebussuud Efendi (Turkish: Mehmed Ebüssuûd Efendi, 30 December 1490 – 23 August 1574), [2] [3] was a Hanafi Maturidi [4] Ottoman jurist and Quran exegete, served as the Qadi (judge) of Istanbul from 1533 to 1537, and the Shaykh al-Islām of the Ottoman Empire from 1545 to 1574.
Pages in category "Sheikh-ul-Islams of the Ottoman Empire" The following 15 pages are in this category, out of 15 total. This list may not reflect recent changes .
Mustafa Sabri Effendi (Ottoman Turkish: مصطفى صبرى افندی; 1869 – 1954) was the second last Shaykh al-Islām of the Ottoman Empire. [1] He is known for his opinions condemning the Turkish nationalist movement under Kemal Atatürk. [2]
Şeyhülislâm Halidefendizâde Mehmet Cemaleddin Efendi (1848–1917) (Ottoman Turkish: محمد جمال الدین افندی [1]) was an Ottoman judge who served as sheikh al-Islam for Sultan Abdul Hamid II between 1891 and 1909.
By the end of the 16th century, the government-appointed mufti of Istanbul came to be recognized under the title Shaykh al-Islam (Turkish: şeyhülislam) as the Grand Mufti in charge of this hierarchy. The Ottoman Grand Mufti performed a number of functions, including advising the sultan on religious matters, legitimizing government policies ...
Since the founding of the Ottoman Empire, Ottoman law and religious life were defined by the Hanafi madhab (school of Islamic jurisprudence). With respect to creed, the Maturidi school was majorly adhered to, dominating madrassahs (Islamic Both the Maturidi and Ash'ari schools of Islamic theology used Ilm al-Kalam to understand the Quran and the hadith (sayings and actions of Mohammed and the ...