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The history of Iran (or Persia, as it was known in the Western world) is intertwined with Greater Iran, a sociocultural region spanning from Anatolia to the Indus River and from the Caucasus to the Persian Gulf.
The Achaemenid Empire or Achaemenian Empire, [17] also known as the Persian Empire [17] or First Persian Empire [18] (/ ə ˈ k iː m ə n ɪ d /; Old Persian: 𐎧𐏁𐏂, Xšāça, lit. 'The Empire' [ 19 ] or 'The Kingdom' [ 20 ] ), was an Iranian empire founded by Cyrus the Great of the Achaemenid dynasty in 550 BC.
Russo-Persian War (1826–1828) Facing the possibility of a Russian conquest of Tehran and with Tabriz already occupied, Persia signed the Treaty of Turkmenchay; decisive and final cession of the last Caucasian territories of Iran comprising modern-day Armenia, the remainder of the Azerbaijan Republic that was still in Iranian hands, and Igdir ...
Shortly afterwards, Persia was further devastated by the Sasanian Interregnum, a large-scale civil war that began in 628 and resulted in the government's decentralization by 632. Amidst Persia's turmoil, the first Rashidun invasion of Sasanian territory took place in 633, when the Rashidun army conquered parts of Asoristan , which was the ...
The Muslim conquest of Persia began when the armies of the Rashidun Caliphate attacked parts of Sasanian Asoristan in 633. [114] In 637/638, the Sasanians lost Mesopotamia [98] and Persia itself was conquered in 640 [98] –650. [115] By the time of Yazdegerd III's death in 651, the Sasanians only retained Bactria. [98]
The Islamization of Iran began with the Muslim conquest of Iran, when the Rashidun Caliphate annexed the Sasanian Empire.It was a long process by which Islam, though initially rejected, eventually spread among the Persians and the other Iranian peoples.
The Roman–Persian Wars, also called the Roman–Iranian Wars, took place between the Greco-Roman world and the Iranian world, beginning with the Roman Republic and the Parthian Empire in 54 BC [1] and ending with the Roman Empire (including the Byzantine Empire) and the Sasanian Empire in 628 AD.
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 27 February 2025. Expansion of the Islamic state (622–750) For later military territorial expansion of Islamic states, see Spread of Islam. Early Muslim conquests Expansion under Muhammad, 622–632 Expansion under the Rashidun Caliphate, 632–661 Expansion under the Umayyad Caliphate, 661–750 Date ...