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A compound pendulum (or physical pendulum) is one where the rod is not massless, and may have extended size; that is, an arbitrarily shaped rigid body swinging by a pivot . In this case the pendulum's period depends on its moment of inertia around the pivot point.
In 1673 Huygens had shown that the period of a rigid bar pendulum (called a compound pendulum) was equal to the period of a simple pendulum with a length equal to the distance between the pivot point and a point called the center of oscillation, located under the center of gravity, that depends on the mass distribution along the pendulum. But ...
The period of a mass attached to a pendulum of length l with gravitational acceleration is given by = This shows that the period of oscillation is independent of the amplitude and mass of the pendulum but not of the acceleration due to gravity, g {\displaystyle g} , therefore a pendulum of the same length on the Moon would swing more slowly due ...
Using as initial conditions () = and ˙ =, the solution is given by = (), where is the largest angle attained by the pendulum (that is, is the amplitude of the pendulum). The period, the time for one complete oscillation, is given by the expression = =, which is a good approximation of the actual period when is small.
SVG animation of a pendulum wave with 12 pendulums, the lowest pendulum making 60 oscillations in one minute, the next 61, and so forth – in the animations, tap or hover over a pendulum to pause A pendulum wave is an elementary physics demonstration and kinetic art comprising a number of uncoupled simple pendulums with monotonically ...
A seconds pendulum is a pendulum whose period is precisely two seconds; one second for a swing in one direction and one second for the return swing, a frequency of 0.5 Hz. [ 1 ] Pendulum
If a long and heavy pendulum suspended from the high roof above a circular area is monitored over an extended period of time, its plane of oscillation appears to change spontaneously as the Earth makes its 24-hourly rotation. The pendulum was introduced in 1851 and was the first experiment to give simple, direct evidence of the Earth's rotation.
Oscillation is the repetitive or periodic variation, typically in time, of some measure about a central value (often a point of equilibrium) or between two or more different states. Familiar examples of oscillation include a swinging pendulum and alternating current. Oscillations can be used in physics to approximate complex interactions, such ...