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In mathematics, Pascal's triangle is an infinite triangular array of the binomial coefficients which play a crucial role in probability theory, combinatorics, and algebra.In much of the Western world, it is named after the French mathematician Blaise Pascal, although other mathematicians studied it centuries before him in Persia, [1] India, [2] China, Germany, and Italy.
The following is an APL one-liner function to visually depict Pascal's triangle: Pascal ← { 0 ~ ¨⍨ a ⌽⊃⌽∊ ¨ 0 , ¨¨ a ∘ ! ¨ a ← ⌽⍳ ⍵ } ⍝ Create one-line user function called Pascal Pascal 7 ⍝ Run function Pascal for seven rows and show the results below: 1 1 2 1 3 3 1 4 6 4 1 5 10 10 5 1 6 15 20 15 6 1 7 21 35 35 21 7
In matrix theory and combinatorics, a Pascal matrix is a matrix (possibly infinite) containing the binomial coefficients as its elements. It is thus an encoding of Pascal's triangle in matrix form. There are three natural ways to achieve this: as a lower-triangular matrix , an upper-triangular matrix , or a symmetric matrix .
1000th row of Pascal's triangle, arranged vertically, with grey-scale representations of decimal digits of the coefficients, right-aligned. The left boundary of the image corresponds roughly to the graph of the logarithm of the binomial coefficients, and illustrates that they form a log-concave sequence .
Pascal's triangle, rows 0 through 7. The hockey stick identity confirms, for example: for n =6, r =2: 1+3+6+10+15=35. In combinatorics , the hockey-stick identity , [ 1 ] Christmas stocking identity , [ 2 ] boomerang identity , Fermat's identity or Chu's Theorem , [ 3 ] states that if n ≥ r ≥ 0 {\displaystyle n\geq r\geq 0} are integers, then
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The first five layers of Pascal's 3-simplex (Pascal's pyramid). Each face (orange grid) is Pascal's 2-simplex (Pascal's triangle). Arrows show derivation of two example terms. In mathematics, Pascal's simplex is a generalisation of Pascal's triangle into arbitrary number of dimensions, based on the multinomial theorem.
Below is a triangular array of unsigned values for the Stirling numbers of the first kind, similar in form to Pascal's triangle. These values are easy to generate using the recurrence relation in the previous section.