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A seismic hazard is the probability that an earthquake will occur in a given geographic area, within a given window of time, and with ground motion intensity exceeding a given threshold. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] With a hazard thus estimated, risk can be assessed and included in such areas as building codes for standard buildings, designing larger buildings ...
ASCE-ASME Journal of Risk and Uncertainty in Engineering Systems, Part A: Civil Engineering; ASCE-ASME Journal of Risk and Uncertainty in Engineering Systems, Part B: Mechanical Engineering (Part B is published by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers) International Journal of Geomechanics; Journal of Aerospace Engineering
The IEEE 693: Recommended Practice for Seismic Design of Substations. [1] is a Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers standard.This standard is recognized also by American National Standards Institute, and is used mainly in the American Continent.
The determination of seismic risk is the foundation for risk mitigation decision-making, a key step in risk management. Large corporations and other enterprises (e.g., local governments) analyze their 'portfolio' of properties, to determine how to best allocate limited funds for structural strengthening of buildings, or other risk reduction measures such as emergency planning.
It is often used within earthquake engineering (including seismic building codes) and it is commonly plotted on seismic hazard maps. [6] In an earthquake, damage to buildings and infrastructure is related more closely to ground motion, of which PGA is a measure, rather than the magnitude of the earthquake itself.
The 1948 seismic codes were prepared in consideration of the seismic zone map. A new code was revised in 1961 and in 1963, the seismic zonation map was updated with four hazard levels based on predicted shaking on the Modified Mercalli intensity scale. It was subsequently added a fifth hazard level in the 1972 revision. [12]
The reconvened ASCE met at the Chamber of Commerce of the State of New York until 1875 when the society moved to 4 East 23rd Street. The ASCE moved again in 1877 to 104 East 20th Street and in 1881 to 127 East 23rd Street. [10]: 2–3 [8] The ASCE commissioned a new headquarters at 220 West 57th Street in 1895.
Seismic microzonation is defined as the process of subdividing a potential seismic or earthquake prone area into zones with respect to some geological and geophysical characteristics of the sites such as ground shaking, liquefaction susceptibility, landslide and rock fall hazard, earthquake-related flooding, so that seismic hazards at different locations within the area can correctly be ...