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Copper deficiency, or hypocupremia, is defined as insufficient copper to meet the body's needs, or as a serum copper level below the normal range. [1] Symptoms may include fatigue , decreased red blood cells , early greying of the hair, and neurological problems presenting as numbness , tingling, muscle weakness, and ataxia . [ 2 ]
Copper deficiency is a major issue in global food production, resulting in losses in yield and reduced quality of output. Nitrogen fertilizers can worsen copper deficiency in agricultural soils. [citation needed] The world's two most important food crops, rice and wheat, are highly susceptible to copper deficiency.
Mineral deficiency is a lack of the dietary minerals, the micronutrients that are needed for an organism's proper health. [1] The cause may be a poor diet , impaired uptake of the minerals that are consumed, or a dysfunction in the organism's use of the mineral after it is absorbed.
Sheep and goats are both small ruminants with cosmopolitan distributions due to their being kept historically and in modern times as grazers both individually and in herds in return for their production of milk, wool, and meat. [1] As such, the diseases of these animals are of great economic importance to humans.
Familial benign copper deficiency, also known as Familial benign hypocupremia is a rare genetic disorder which is characterized by hypocupremia that causes symptoms such as epilepsy, hypotonia, seborrheic skin, thriving failure and mild anemia. [2] Radiological findings include tibia and femur spurring. [3]
Cattle, sheep, goat, and other ruminants that are diagnosed with PEM or pre-PEM suffer opisthotonus, cortical blindness, disoriented movement, and eventually fatality, if left untreated. [1] Current data shows that the onset of PEM can range from birth to late adulthood.
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[8] [9] The decreased supply of copper can reduce the activity of numerous copper-containing enzymes that are necessary for the structure and function of bone, skin, hair, blood vessels, and the nervous system. [8] [10] Copper is also critical for the propagation of prion proteins, and mice with mutations in Atp7a have a delayed onset of prion ...