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El Greco's Jesus Carrying the Cross, 1580.. Substitutionary atonement, also called vicarious atonement, is a central concept within Western Christian theology which asserts that Jesus died for humanity, [1] as claimed by the Western classic and paradigms of atonement in Christianity, which regard Jesus as dying as a substitute for others.
[3] For I handed on to you as of first importance what I in turn had received: that Christ died for our sins in accordance with the scriptures, [4] and that he was buried, and that he was raised on the third day in accordance with the scriptures, [5] and that he appeared to Cephas, then to the twelve. [6] Then he appeared to more than five ...
The commentary on Romans attributed to Pelagius (who was declared a heretic, though for his view of grace, not his view of atonement) gives a description of the atonement which states that a person's sins have "sold them to death," and not to the devil, and that these sins alienate them from God, until Jesus, dying, ransomed people from death. [6]
Jesus said to wailing women: "Don't weep for me, but for yourselves and your children." John 19:17 "They" [43] had Jesus carry the cross. Crucifixion: Matthew 27:34–36 Jesus tasted wine mixed with gall, refused to drink more. Soldiers crucified Jesus, cast lots for his clothes and kept watch. [No time indicated] Mark 15:23–25
That is, when Jesus died on the cross, his death paid the penalty at that time for the sins of all those who are saved (past, present, and future). [22] One obviously necessary feature of this idea is that Christ's atonement is limited in its effect only to those whom God has chosen to be saved, since the debt for sins was paid at a particular ...
Jesus's death was interpreted as a redemptive death "for our sins", in accordance with God's plan as contained in the Jewish scriptures. [239] [note 7] The significance lay in "the theme of divine necessity and fulfilment of the scriptures", not in the later Pauline emphasis on "Jesus's death as a sacrifice or an expiation for our sins". [11]
The purpose of the atonement was universal—Jesus died on behalf of all people, not just the elect. The atonement makes a way for all to respond to the Gospel call —Part of the effect of the atonement is the restoration of the ability to respond to God's call of salvation (see Prevenient grace ).
Those not chosen receive the just wrath that is warranted for their sins against God. [11] Limited atonement (also called definite atonement) [12] asserts that Jesus's substitutionary atonement was definite and certain in its purpose and in what it accomplished. This implies that only the sins of the elect were atoned for by Jesus's death ...