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Positions of German coastal artillery in southern Norway (February 1945) An extensive network of coastal artillery batteries with heavy (>15.5 cm), medium (12-15.5 cm) and light (<12 cm) ordnance was set up around the entire coast. These were typically placed so as to cover the approaches to main population centres and likely landing sites.
A bastion fort or trace italienne (a phrase derived from non-standard French, meaning 'Italian outline') is a fortification in a style developed during the early modern period in response to the ascendancy of gunpowder weapons such as cannon, which rendered earlier medieval approaches to fortification obsolete.
This left the harbour being exposed to easterly gales, half of the breakwater was abandoned, there was a lack of commercial and navy shipping wanting to use the harbour, combined with the increase in the size of navy ships, and improvements in the power of artillery added to political changes including the crushing defeat of France in the 1870 ...
Pendennis Castle (Cornish: Penn Dinas, meaning "headland fortification") is an artillery fort constructed by Henry VIII near Falmouth, Cornwall, England between 1540 and 1542. It formed part of the King's Device programme to protect against invasion from France and the Holy Roman Empire , and defended the Carrick Roads waterway at the mouth of ...
Fort Name German (until 1920) Polish (afterwards) Built Description Picture Fort Ia "König Wilhelm I" Fort I "Jan III Sobieski" 1888–1892 The most modern fort in the complex was the first armored fort of the German Empire; [2] as a prototype of the armored forts it served as the basis for many similar fortifications later built on the western border of the German Empire (for example in Metz).
Princess Caroline's Battery is an artillery battery in the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar. It is located at the northern end of the Upper Rock Nature Reserve, at the junction of Willis's Road and Queen's Road. The nearby Princess Anne's Battery is often mistakenly referred to as Princess Caroline's Battery.
The Device Forts, also known as Henrician castles and blockhouses, were a series of artillery fortifications built to defend the coast of England and Wales by Henry VIII. [ 2 ] [ a ] They ranged from large stone castles , to small blockhouses and earthwork bulwarks . [ 4 ]
Southsea Castle, historically also known as Chaderton Castle, South Castle and Portsea Castle, [1] is an artillery fort originally constructed by Henry VIII on Portsea Island, Hampshire, in 1544. It formed part of the King's Device programme to protect against invasion from France and the Holy Roman Empire , and defended the Solent and the ...