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Methionine (symbol Met or M) [3] (/ m ɪ ˈ θ aɪ ə n iː n /) [4] is an essential amino acid in humans.. As the precursor of other non-essential amino acids such as cysteine and taurine, versatile compounds such as SAM-e, and the important antioxidant glutathione, methionine plays a critical role in the metabolism and health of many species, including humans.
S-Adenosyl methionine (SAM), also known under the commercial names of SAMe, SAM-e, or AdoMet, is a common cosubstrate involved in methyl group transfers, transsulfuration, and aminopropylation. Although these anabolic reactions occur throughout the body, most SAM is produced and consumed in the liver. [ 1 ]
L-methionine salvage is the pathway that regenerates methionine from its downstream products. A version of the pathway uses methylthioadenosine (MTA), forming the so-called MTA cycle with its synthesizing reaction. This sulphur-recycling action is found in humans, and seems to be universal among aerobic life.
Levomefolic acid (INN, also known as L-5-MTHF, L-methylfolate and L-5-methyltetrahydrofolate and (6S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolate, and (6S)-5-MTHF) is the primary biologically active form of folate used at the cellular level for DNA reproduction, the cysteine cycle and the regulation of homocysteine.
The essential amino acids are histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine (i.e. H, I, L, K, M, F, T, W, V). [3] The proteinogenic amino acids have been found to be related to the set of amino acids that can be recognized by ribozyme autoaminoacylation systems. [4]
Replacing L-methionine with L-selenomethionine results in a 6-fold rate enhancement of the reverse reaction, [9] due to the increased nucleophilicity of the selenium centre compared to the sulfur centre. The fluorinase shows a degree of substrate tolerance for halide ion, and can also use chloride ion in place of fluoride ion.
Methionine sulfoximine (MSO, also known as MetSox [1]) is an irreversible glutamine synthetase inhibitor. It is the sulfoximine derivative of methionine with convulsant effects. [2] Methionine sulfoximine is composed of two different diastereomers, which are L-S-Methionine sulfoximine and L-R-Methionine sulfoximine.
In enzymology, a methionine gamma-lyase (EC 4.4.1.11) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction. L-methionine + H 2 O methanethiol + NH 3 + 2-oxobutanoate. Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are L-methionine and H 2 O, whereas its 3 products are methanethiol, NH 3, and 2-oxobutanoate.
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