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Head count ratio in South Africa. The head count ratio (HCR) is the population proportion that exists, or lives, below the poverty threshold. [1] One of the undesirable features of the head count ratio is that it ignores the depth of poverty; if the poor become poorer, the head count index does not change. [2]
Over-reliance on Indirect Taxes: Pakistan’s tax system is heavily dependent on indirect taxes, such as sales tax, which are regressive and disproportionately affect low-income individuals. Corruption : According to a 2002 study, 99% of 256 respondents reported facing corruption with regard to taxation.
Estimating the costs of turnover within an organization can be a worthwhile exercise, especially since such costs are unlikely to appear in an organization’s balance sheets: some of the direct costs can be readily calculated, while the indirect costs can often be more difficult to determine and may require “educated guesses” (though not ...
This involves monitoring direct costs, indirect costs, and overheads to ensure optimal spending. Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE): This is used mainly in manufacturing to evaluate how effectively a piece of equipment is used. It combines availability, performance efficiency, and quality of output into a single metric.
The following table provides examples of the labor information tracked by overall labor effectiveness organized by its major categories. Using this labor information, manufacturers can make operational decisions to improve the cumulative effect of labor availability, performance, and quality. [2] [3]
An economic definition, by Atkinson, states that "...direct taxes may be adjusted to the individual characteristics of the taxpayer, whereas indirect taxes are levied on transactions irrespective of the circumstances of buyer or seller." [30] According to this definition, for example, income tax is "direct", and sales tax is "indirect".
In 2015, 24.3% Pakistanis lived below Pakistan's definition of poverty. [13] Statistics vary due to the definition of poverty. According to the World Bank, poverty in Pakistan fell from 64.3% in 2001 to 24.3% in 2015. Poverty headcount ratio at $1.90 a day (2011 PPP) (% of population) fell from 6.2% in 2013 to 4% in 2015.
Feroz-ul-Lughat Urdu Jamia (Urdu: فیروز الغات اردو جامع) is an Urdu-to-Urdu dictionary published by Ferozsons (Private) Limited. It was originally compiled by Maulvi Ferozeuddin in 1897. The dictionary contains about 100,000 ancient and popular words, compounds, derivatives, idioms, proverbs, and modern scientific, literary ...