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Jules François Camille Ferry (French: [ʒyl fɛʁi]; 5 April 1832 – 17 March 1893) was a French statesman and republican philosopher. [1] He was one of the leaders of the Moderate Republicans and served as Prime Minister of France from 1880 to 1881 and 1883 to 1885.
The leaders of the group included Adolphe Thiers, Jules Ferry, Jules Grévy, Henri Wallon and René Waldeck-Rousseau. Although considered leftist at the time, the Moderate Republicans progressively evolved into a centre-right political party.
The Jules Ferry Laws are a set of French laws which established free education in 1881, then mandatory and laic (secular) education in 1882. Jules Ferry , a lawyer holding the office of Minister of Public Instruction in the 1880s, is widely credited for creating the modern Republican school ( l'école républicaine ).
Jules Ferry, the former prime minister, was initially seen as the front-runner in the race due to his name recognition and experience, but the more-left wing Republicans disliked him. The Radicals within the Assembly, led by Georges Clemenceau , backed an outsider in the form of former Finance Minister Sadi Carnot .
A group of republican deputies, including Jules Favre, Louis-Antoine Garnier-Pagès, Léon Gambetta, Jules Ferry, and Joseph Magnin, approached Thiers to propose the formation of a "provisional national defense committee." This committee would consist of deputies from various political factions, except for Bonapartists.
Legislative elections were held in France on 21 August and 4 September 1881. The elections marked the collapse of the right compared to the 1877 elections.. It was a great success for the followers of Léon Gambetta, whom President Jules Grévy appointed premier two months after the election.
When Charles de Freycinet retired, Farre kept the War portfolio in the reconstituted cabinet created on 23 September 1880 under the chairmanship of Jules Ferry. On 25 November 1880, Farre was appointed senator for life, receiving 138 votes in contrast to 128 votes for Admiral Marie Jules Dupré. He remained Minister of War after becoming a senator.
28 March – Republican Jules Ferry makes primary education in France free, non-clerical (laique) and obligatory. 6 May – North Sea Fisheries Convention is signed by United Kingdom, Germany, Denmark, Netherlands, Belgium and France to regulate the policy of the fisheries in the North Sea. [1]