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A nanostructure is a structure of intermediate size between microscopic and molecular structures. Nanostructural detail is microstructure at nanoscale . In describing nanostructures, it is necessary to differentiate between the number of dimensions in the volume of an object which are on the nanoscale .
Lattices are structures formed of arrays of uniformly sized cells. Ceramic lattice nanostructures have been formed using hollow tubes of titanium nitride (TiN). Using vertex-connected, tessellated octahedra with 7-nm hollow struts with elliptical cross-sections and wall thickness of 75-nm produced approximately cubic cells 100-nm on a side at a scale of up to 1 cubic millimeter.
Box-shaped graphene (BSG) nanostructure is an example of 3D nanomaterial. [39] BSG nanostructure has appeared after mechanical cleavage of pyrolytic graphite . This nanostructure is a multilayer system of parallel hollow nanochannels located along the surface and having quadrangular cross-section.
A nanosheet is a two-dimensional nanostructure with thickness in a scale ranging from 1 to 100 nm. [1] [2] [3] A typical example of a nanosheet is graphene, the thinnest two-dimensional material (0.34 nm) in the world. [4] It consists of a single layer of carbon atoms with hexagonal lattices.
A nanowire is a nanostructure in the form of a wire with the diameter of the order of a nanometre (10 −9 m). More generally, nanowires can be defined as structures that have a thickness or diameter constrained to tens of nanometers or less and an unconstrained length.
[1] [3] This is because the nanostructure synthesis is easy to control, [1] it has higher electron transport properties, [3] and it is possible to use organic material as hole transporter, unlike when TiO 2 is the photoanode material. [1] Researchers have found that the structure of ZnO nanostructure affects the solar cell performance. [17]
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