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Hawaiian vocabulary often overlaps with other Polynesian languages, such as Tahitian, so it is not always clear which of those languages a term is borrowed from. The Hawaiian orthography is notably different from the English orthography because there is a special letter in the Hawaiian alphabet, the ʻokina.
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The kahakō (macron) indicates a long vowel, which can change the pronounciation and meaning of a word. For example: *Kāne* (n. Male, husband, male sweetheart, man, etc.) vs. *Kane* (Tinea, a fungus skin disease). The ʻokina (glottal stop) is a consonant and affects pronunciation and meaning. For example:
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However, word order is flexible, and the emphatic word can be placed first in the sentence. [1]: p28 Hawaiian largely avoids subordinate clauses, [1]: p.27 and often uses a possessive construction instead. [1]: p.41 Hawaiian, unlike English, is a pro-drop language, meaning pronouns may be omitted when the meaning is clear from context.
The phonological system of the Hawaiian language is based on documentation from those who developed the Hawaiian alphabet during the 1820s as well as scholarly research conducted by lexicographers and linguists from 1949 to present. Hawaiian has only eight consonant phonemes: /p, k ⁓ t, ʔ, h, m, n, l ⁓ ɾ, w ⁓ v/.
Ua Mau ke Ea o ka ʻĀina i ka Pono (Hawaiian pronunciation: [ˈuə ˈmɐw ke ˈɛə o kə ˈʔaːi.nə i kə ˈpo.no]) is a Hawaiian phrase, spoken by Kamehameha III, and adopted in 1959 as the state motto. [1] It is most commonly translated as "the life of the land is perpetuated in righteousness."
The ambiguities in the Polynesian concept (from the English point of view) are reflected in the different senses of the word in different national Englishes: in modern usage in Hawaii, "kapu" is often substituted for the phrase "No Trespassing" on private property signage.