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A false dichotomy is an informal fallacy consisting of a supposed dichotomy which fails one or both of the conditions: it is not jointly exhaustive and/or not mutually exclusive. In its most common form, two entities are presented as if they are exhaustive, when in fact other alternatives are possible.
A dilemma is often phrased as "you must accept either A, or B", where A and B are propositions each leading to some further conclusion. In the case where this is true, it can be called a "dichotomy", but when it is not true, the dilemma constitutes a false dichotomy, which is a logical fallacy.
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Some of the following terms are equivalent to the term false dilemma, some refer to special forms of false dilemmas and others refer to closely related concepts. Bifurcation fallacy; Black-or-white fallacy; Denying a conjunct (similar to a false dichotomy: see Formal fallacy § Denying a conjunct) Double bind; Either/or fallacy
Splitting, also called binary thinking, dichotomous thinking, black-and-white thinking, all-or-nothing thinking, or thinking in extremes, is the failure in a person's thinking to bring together the dichotomy of both perceived positive and negative qualities of something into a cohesive, realistic whole.
Nonduality is a fuzzy concept, for which many definitions can be found. [note 2] According to David Loy, since there are similar ideas and terms in a wide variety of spiritualities and religions, ancient and modern, no single definition for the English word "nonduality" can suffice, and perhaps it is best to speak of various "nondualities" or theories of nonduality. [24]
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The dichotomy is important in relation to constructing, discussing, and evaluating historical periodizations. In terms of creating and discussing periodization (e.g. the Enlightenment or the Victorian Era ,) the dichotomy can be used to assess when a period can be said to start and end, thus making the dichotomy important in relation to ...