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Pythagoras of Samos [a] (Ancient Greek: Πυθαγόρας; c. 570 – c. 495 BC) [b] was an ancient Ionian Greek philosopher, polymath, and the eponymous founder of Pythagoreanism. His political and religious teachings were well known in Magna Graecia and influenced the philosophies of Plato, Aristotle, and, through them, Western philosophy.
In Croton, Pythagoras established the first Pythagorean community, described as a secret society, and attained political influence. In the early 5th century BC Croton acquired great military and economic importance. Pythagoras emphasised moderation, piety, respect for elders and of the state, and advocated a monogamous family structure. The ...
Timycha of Sparta (Greek: Τιμύχα Λακεδαιμονία; early 4th century BC), [1] was a Pythagorean philosopher mentioned by Iamblichus in his Life of Pythagoras: . The temperance also of those men, and how Pythagoras taught this virtue, may be learnt from what Hippobotus and Neanthes narrate of Myllias and Timycha who were Pythagoreans.
Hippasus, engraving by Girolamo Olgiati, 1580. Hippasus of Metapontum (/ ˈ h ɪ p ə s ə s /; Ancient Greek: Ἵππασος ὁ Μεταποντῖνος, Híppasos; c. 530 – c. 450 BC) [1] was a Greek philosopher and early follower of Pythagoras.
Pythagoras taught philosophy of life, religion, and mathematics in his own school in Kroton, which was a Greek colony. Pythagoras' school is linked to the Pythagorean theorem , which states that the square of the hypotenuse (the side opposite the right angle) is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides.
Pythagoras (c. 570 – c. 495 BC) was credited with many mathematical and scientific discoveries, including the Pythagorean theorem, Pythagorean tuning, the five regular solids, the Theory of Proportions, the sphericity of the Earth, and the identity of the morning and evening stars as the planet Venus.
According to legend, Pythagoras traveled to Egypt to learn mathematics, geometry, and astronomy from Egyptian priests. Thales used geometry to solve problems such as calculating the height of pyramids and the distance of ships from the shore.
Some idea of the sphericity of Earth seems to have been known to both Parmenides and Empedocles in the 5th century BC, [8] and although the idea cannot reliably be ascribed to Pythagoras, [9] it might nevertheless have been formulated in the Pythagorean school in the 5th century BC [2] [8] although some disagree. [10]