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The poet Heraclitus of Ephesus (fl. c. 500 BC), who was born across a few miles of sea away from Samos and may have lived within Pythagoras's lifetime, [14] mocked Pythagoras as a clever charlatan, [8] [14] remarking that "Pythagoras, son of Mnesarchus, practiced inquiry more than any other man, and selecting from these writings he manufactured ...
In Croton, Pythagoras established the first Pythagorean community, described as a secret society, and attained political influence. In the early 5th century BC Croton acquired great military and economic importance. Pythagoras emphasised moderation, piety, respect for elders and of the state, and advocated a monogamous family structure. The ...
Pythagoras (c. 570 – c. 495 BC) was credited with many mathematical and scientific discoveries, including the Pythagorean theorem, Pythagorean tuning, the five regular solids, the Theory of Proportions, the sphericity of the Earth, and the identity of the morning and evening stars as the planet Venus.
According to legend, Pythagoras traveled to Egypt to learn mathematics, geometry, and astronomy from Egyptian priests. Thales used geometry to solve problems such as calculating the height of pyramids and the distance of ships from the shore.
Pythagoras taught philosophy of life, religion, and mathematics in his own school in Kroton, which was a Greek colony. Pythagoras' school is linked to the Pythagorean theorem , which states that the square of the hypotenuse (the side opposite the right angle) is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides.
Pythagoras with a tablet of ratios, detail from The School of Athens by Raphael (1509) Greek mathematics allegedly began with Thales of Miletus (c. 624–548 BC). Very little is known about his life, although it is generally agreed that he was one of the Seven Wise Men of Greece.
Porphyry repeats the claim that she was the teacher of Pythagoras: [4] He (Pythagoras) taught much else, which he claimed to have learned from Aristoclea at Delphi. The 10th-century Suda encyclopedia calls her Theoclea ( Theokleia ) and states that she was the sister of Pythagoras, but this information probably arises from a corruption and ...
Nicomachus's Life of Pythagoras was one of the main sources used by Porphyry and Iamblichus, for their (extant) Lives of Pythagoras. [1] An Introduction to Geometry , referred to by Nicomachus himself in the Introduction to Arithmetic, [ 8 ] has not survived. [ 1 ]