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  2. Keynesian cross - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keynesian_cross

    The 45-degree line represents an aggregate supply curve which embodies the idea that, as long as the economy is operating at less than full employment, anything demanded will be supplied. Aggregate expenditure and aggregate income are measured by dividing the money value of all goods produced in the economy in a given year by a price index.

  3. Circular flow of income - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_flow_of_income

    S + T + M > I + G + X the levels of income, expenditure and output will fall causing a contraction or recession in the overall economic activity. As the income falls households will cut down on all leakages such as saving, they will also pay less in taxation and with a lower income they will spend less on imports.

  4. Aggregate income - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aggregate_income

    Aggregate income [1] [2] [3] is the total of all incomes in an economy without adjustments for inflation, taxation, or types of double counting. [4] Aggregate income is a form of GDP that is equal to Consumption expenditure plus net profits. 'Aggregate income' in economics is a broad conceptual term.

  5. IS–LM model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IS–LM_model

    Starting from one point on the aggregate demand curve, at a particular price level and a quantity of aggregate demand implied by the IS–LM model for that price level, if one considers a higher potential price level, in the IS–LM model the real money supply M/P will be lower and hence the LM curve will be shifted higher, leading to lower ...

  6. Aggregate demand - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aggregate_demand

    An increase in government expenditures or decrease in taxes, therefore leads to an increase in GDP as government expenditures are a component of aggregate demand. net exports ( N X {\displaystyle NX} and sometimes ( X − M {\displaystyle X-M} )), net demand by the rest of the world for the country's output.

  7. Arrow–Debreu model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrow–Debreu_model

    In mathematical economics, the Arrow–Debreu model is a theoretical general equilibrium model. It posits that under certain economic assumptions (convex preferences, perfect competition, and demand independence), there must be a set of prices such that aggregate supplies will equal aggregate demands for every commodity in the economy.

  8. Supply-side economics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supply-side_economics

    In the Kansas economy cuts in state government expenditures cut incomes of state government "employees, suppliers and contractors" who spent much or most of their incomes locally. In addition, concern over the state's large budget deficits "might have deterred businesses from making major new investments".

  9. Aggregate supply - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aggregate_supply

    In economics, aggregate supply (AS) or domestic final supply (DFS) is the total supply of goods and services that firms in a national economy plan on selling during a specific time period. It is the total amount of goods and services that firms are willing and able to sell at a given price level in an economy. [ 1 ]