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Photodisruption is a form of minimally invasive surgery used in ophthalmology, utilizing infrared Nd:YAG lasers to form plasma ("lightning bolt"), which then causes acoustic shock waves ("thunderclap") which then in turn affects tissue.
This method of surgery reduced the need for an extended hospital stay and made out-patient surgery the standard. [8] In 1985, Thomas Mazzocco developed and implanted the first foldable IOL. Graham Barrett and associates pioneered the use of silicone, acrylic, and hydrogel foldable lenses, making it possible to reduce the incision width. [7]
Nd:YAG (neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet; Nd:Y 3 Al 5 O 12) is a crystal that is used as a lasing medium for solid-state lasers. The dopant , neodymium in the +3 oxidation state, Nd(III), typically replaces a small fraction (1%) of the yttrium ions in the host crystal structure of the yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG), since the two ions are ...
There are several laser types used in medicine for ablation, including argon, carbon dioxide (CO 2), dye, erbium, excimer, Nd:YAG, and others. Laser ablation is used in a variety of medical specialties including ophthalmology , general surgery , neurosurgery , ENT , dentistry , oral and maxillofacial surgery , and veterinary . [ 17 ]
In LANAP surgery, a variable free-running pulsed neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG at 1064 nm wavelength) is used by a dentist or periodontist to treat the periodontal pocket. The laser is intended to selectively remove diseased or infected pocket epithelium from the underlying connective tissue .
Er:YAG lasers can be used in laser aided cataract surgery but owing to its water absorbable nature Nd:YAG is preferred more. [8] Erbium YAG dental lasers are effective for removing tooth decay atraumatically, [9] often without the need for local anesthetic to numb the tooth. Eliminating the vibration of the dental drill removes the risk of ...
Surgical iridectomy can be done manually or with a Nd:YAG laser. Laser peripheral iridotomy may be done either before or following cataract surgery. [87] Swelling of the macula, the central part of the retina, results in macular oedema and can occur a few days or weeks after surgery. Most such cases can be successfully treated.
Ho:YAG lasers have wavelength of 2100 nm (infrared) and are used for medical procedures in urology and other areas. They have qualities of CO 2 and Nd:Yag lasers, with ablative and coagulation effects. [10] Holmium laser use results in smaller fragments than 320 or 365 micron pulsed dye lasers or electrohydraulic and mechanical methods. [11]